一种断层影响基岩滑坡的失稳机理和稳定性分析

以某高速公路基岩滑坡为例．阐述了压性断层影响型滑坡的工程地质特点．总结了此类滑坡的失稳机理和失稳过程,并对拟建工况下的滑坡稳定性进行了分析。对此类工程的勘察、设计具有一定的指导意义。     

基于BP神经网络的西北太平洋柔鱼资源丰度时空变化研究

西北太平洋柔鱼(Ommastrephes bartramii)是我国鱿钓船队重要捕捞对象,其资源分布的时空变化对资源的可持续开发和利用有重要影响。本文以2000−2015年7−10月西北太平洋柔鱼渔业数据的单位捕捞努力量渔获量作为应变量,以年份、月份、经度、纬度、海表面温度、海表盐度、海面高度、叶绿素a浓度作为自变量,构建BP神经网络模型,推测该段时间西北太平洋柔鱼丰度时空变化规律,并探究环境因子对柔鱼资源丰度的影响。通过比较,确定输入层为年份、月份、经度、纬度、海表面温度和海表盐度,隐含层神经元数量为8的模型均方误差最小,模型最优。结果表明,单位捕捞努力量渔获量年间波动明显,每年的7月、10月柔鱼资源丰度较低,且空间分布分散在整个作业渔场,8月、9月资源丰度较高,并集中在41.5°～43.5°N, 155°～160°E局部区域。研究认为,海表面温度和海表盐度对柔鱼资源丰度时空变动有较大影响,在今后柔鱼资源评估与管理中予以考虑。     

粉沙质海岸泥沙运动特性研究

文章对粉沙质海岸的泥沙运动特性进行了系统、全面的研究.从5个方面进行了论述:粉沙质海岸的界定、泥沙基本水力特性、泥沙运移型态、航道骤淤的统计特性和航道淤积计算.提出粉沙质海岸的界定应综合考虑泥沙平均中值粒径、黏土含量和泥沙粒径分选性三方面因素;泥沙基本水力特性是起动流速小、沉降速度大、沉积密实快,泥沙运动十分活跃;泥沙...     

西太平洋岛弧-弧后盆地热液活动与硫化物特征

基于国内外研究成果对西太平洋岛弧-弧后盆地热液活动的分布规律、扩张速率、水深以及热液硫化物的矿物组成与金属品位等特征进行探讨。西太平洋岛弧-弧后盆地热液硫化物区以活动型热液区为主,受扩张速率的影响明显主要分布在20～60 mm/a地区;水深分布规律主要受所处构造单元的水深特征控制,而非由热液硫化物区的形成特征所决定;研究区内的热液产物主要为富Zn-Cu、富Ba-Zn以及富Fe-Cu型硫化物;热液硫化物中冲绳海槽具有最高的Ag、Pb含量,劳海盆具有最高的Zn含量,马努斯海盆和伊豆-小笠原-马里亚纳海槽具有较高的Au含量,北斐济海盆具有最高的Cu含量。本研究将进一步为西太平洋岛弧-弧后盆地地区热液硫化物资源的勘探与潜在资源量的估算提供参考。     

海沧大道软土路基施工侧向位移数据分析

就路堤侧向变形观测数据进行整理分析,探讨软土层厚度、反压护道、填筑速率对侧向变形的影响规律,确 定临界填土高度。     

Lithium isotope variations in Tonga–Kermadec arc–Lau back‐arc lavas and Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Site 204 sediments

Lithium isotopes have been identified as a promising tracer of subducted materials in arc lavas due to the observable variations in related reservoirs such as subducting sediments and altered oceanic crust. The Tonga–Kermadec arc–Lau back‐arc provides an end‐member of subduction zones with the coldest thermal structure on Earth. Reported here are Li isotope data for 14 lavas from the arc front and 7 back‐arc lavas as well as 12 pelagic and volcaniclastic sediments along a profile through the sedimentary sequence at DSDP Site 204. The arc and back‐arc lavas range from basalts to dacites in composition with SiO₂ = 48.3–65.3 wt% over which Li concentrations increase from 2 ppm to 16 ppm. Li/Y ratios range from 0.08 to 0.77 and from 0.24 to 0.65 in the arc and back‐arc lavas, respectively. The majority of the lavas have δ⁷Li that ranges from 2.5 ‰ to 5.0 ‰ with an average of (3.6 ±0.7) ‰, similar to that reported from other arcs and there is no distinction between the arc front and back‐arc lavas. The pelagic sediments have variable Li concentrations (33–133 ppm) and δ⁷Li that ranges from 1.2 ‰ to 10.2 ‰ while the volcaniclastic sediments have an even greater range of Li concentrations (3.6–165 ppm) and generally higher δ⁷Li values (8–14 ‰). However, δ⁷Li in the lavas does not correlate with commonly used trace element ratio or isotope signatures indicative of slab‐derived fluids or the sediments. This is probably because the range of δ⁷Li in the lavas and sediments overlap. Calculated sediment mass‐balance models require significantly more sediment than previous estimates based on Th–Nd–Be isotopes. This may indicate that a sizeable proportion of the total Li budget in the lavas is provided by Li‐enriched fluids from the subducting sediments and/or altered oceanic crust.     

西藏纳木错西岸蛇绿岩的地球化学特征及其形成环境

西藏纳木错西岸蛇绿岩主要由变质橄榄岩、辉长辉绿岩及玄武岩等组成。变质橄榄岩以富Mg、贫Ti、贫REE元素为特征。辉绿岩和玄武岩的主量元素、微量元素特征显示其含有洋脊拉斑玄武岩和岛弧拉斑玄武岩的双重成分,其中高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等亏损．大离子亲石元素Rb、Sr、Ba等相对富集,具岛弧玄武岩的特点;在球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式图上为LREE亏损的平坦型,无负Eu异常,与洋中脊玄武岩的特征类似。通过与典型地区作对比并应用构造环境判别图解,推测该区蛇绿岩形成于弧后盆地的构造环境。     

滑坡勘察中滑带土强度指标确定方法的探讨

滑坡防治工程设计中确定滑带土强度是滑坡防治工程设计是否安全的基本出发点,其确定取决于滑坡发育、发展及稳定状况,以及不同部位的差异性。本文结合工程实例,除采用模拟滑坡变形状态反算确定滑带土强度的新方法外,采用不同方法对滑带土强度确定方法进行了的探讨。     

近20年来三峡水库泥沙淤积及其对库区的影响

泥沙问题是三峡工程建设与运行中的关键技术问题之一,只有妥善处理好泥沙问题,才能保证三峡工程长期有效使用,维持水库功能的全面发挥。本文首先结合实测水文、河道地形观测资料,对三峡水库运行近20年来的泥沙淤积特性及水库排沙比进行了较为全面的分析研究,并与已有研究成果进行了对比;其次,围绕防洪、航运以及坝前段的泥沙淤积等方面,进一步分析了水库淤积产生的影响。结果表明:三峡水库蓄水以来,在不考虑区间来沙的情况下,三峡水库共淤积泥沙20.484亿t,近似年均淤积1.102亿t,水库排沙比为23.6%,水库年均淤积量为原论证预测值的33%。其中,库区干流段累计淤积泥沙17.835亿m³(变动回水区冲刷0.694亿m³;常年回水区淤积18.529亿m³),淤积在水库防洪库容内的泥沙为1.648亿m³(干、支流分别淤积1.517亿m³和0.131亿m³),占水库防洪库容的0.74%,“十一五”攻关阶段研究得出的多年平均淤积量及排沙比较实测值均偏大,变动回水区冲淤则出现反向的...     

Stage Predictions of Landslide and Subsidence from an Once-Through Cycle

In this paper both processes of landslide and subsidence are consid-ered to be limited systems.Each of these systems in nature might be re-garded as an organism.Generally their lifespan must develop with com-mon ecological characteristics,including several evolutional stages,such asinitiation,growth,maturation,decline and death.Among these stages,maturation is emphasized so as to find the occurring or thriving date ofboth systems.An once-through cycle of both landslide and subsidence isestablished and is accurately predicted by a developed,mathematic model of thePoisson cycle.The Weibull distribution is cited for a landslide example.Both fundamentals are discussed.Stage predictions of landslide and subsid-ence are performed for several examples.Back analysis of landslides thathave already happened are studied with the same model.And when com-pared with results from the biological mathematic model and with practicalresults,it is found that they correspond.Stage prediction of subsidences isalso researched