基于微形态理论的各向异性散体波动分析

基于散粒体微观力学理论,忽略颗粒转动引起的相对位移,考虑颗粒接触的组构各向异性,根据宏微观能量守恒推导得到了散体材料各向异性微形态本构关系,进而通过单位接触方向积分的递推公式推导出了各向异性本构张量表达式;在此基础上,根据哈密顿原理得到了各向异性散体材料的运动平衡方程和边界条件,从而求得了平面波在各向异性散粒体中的传播规律和频散关系,最后对波的频散关系和频率带隙进行了详细的参数分析。研究表明：该模型预测了散体中包含3类12种位移波：3种纵波、6种横波和3种平面内横向剪切波;横观各向同性条件下,接触各向异性参数a20越大,纵波和横波的频率越大,而平面内横向剪切波的频率越小;正交各向异性条件下,随着接触各向异性参数a22的增大,与2方向运动相关的横波频率增大,而与3方向运动相关的横波频率则减小;但a22的变化对纵波频率影响很小。材料各向异性程度对横波带宽影响不大,但对纵波带宽影响较大：a20的增大使得声?光学波间的带宽减小,而光学波间的带宽增大,当a20>0.84时,声?光学波间的带隙消失;但是a22的增大则使得声?光学波间的带宽增大,而光学波间的带宽减小。退化为各向同性模型后,预测3类波的频散曲线与其他各向同性模型的结果基本一致。     

各向异性对软土力学特性影响的离散元模拟

软土预压工程中,初始和诱发各向异性对软土力学性质的影响十分显著,而现有研究缺乏对初始和诱发各向异性的统一研究方法。采用离散单元法,以颗粒长宽比作为定量评价指标,构建真实形态的颗粒模型,生成5组不同沉积角的初始各向异性试样,并进行竖直和水平两方向加载的双轴模拟实验,研究了初始各向异性和诱发各向异性对软土力学特性影响;在细观层面,以颗粒为对象研究了颗粒接触形式和转动角度的变化规律,以接触为对象研究了配位数和接触法向各向异性的发展趋势,在此基础上探究抗剪强度指标与各向异性关系。结果表明:初始和诱发各向异性共同影响试样力学性质,当加载方向和软土沉积方向垂直时,土体有最大的峰值强度。颗粒接触形式中面面接触的比例随加载的进行逐渐增大,并影响着试样初始模量和抗剪强度,配位数和接触法向各向异性受颗粒接触形式的影响有不同的演化规律,并在加载后期趋于稳定;同时,初始各向异性试样相较各向同性试样有更大的黏聚力,诱发各向异性主要影响试样内摩擦角,进而影响试样抗剪强度。     

各向异性 Ｒadon 变换在深水地震多次波压制中的应用

在深海多缆、长拖缆地震勘探的各种噪音影响中,多次波对深层的有效反射影响难以消除。笔者介绍了一种高分辨率各向异性 Ｒadon 变换方法,在 Ｒadon 变换积分路径中增加非椭圆率 eta 参数,将传统 Ｒadon 变换积分曲线由慢度、偏移距两参数改为慢度、偏移距及非椭圆率三参数,更好地刻画了长偏移距下反射非双曲时差。通过对某海域实际采集的多缆长偏移距地震数据进行压制多次波处理,与传统方法相比取得了较为理想的效果,为后续深层构造成像提供了基础数据。     

利用叠前地震数据预测火山岩储层裂缝

通过对叠前弹性波阻抗反演及各向异性理论的研究,归纳出一种通过叠前地震数据来预测火山岩裂缝的方法思路:首先引入叠前弹性波阻抗反演,利用其分辨率高的优点来寻找火山岩储层,然后分析裂缝引起的地震波动力学属性随方位角的变化特征,通过各向异性来预测裂缝的方向和发育程度,综合判断火山岩储层裂缝的分布情况。该方法以"面向储层找裂缝"为原则,在分辨率和预测准确性上都有其理论优势,将该思路在试验区域进行尝试,取得了较好的效果。     

2.5维各向异性介质中多波波场正演模拟与波场分析

完全3维弹性波数值模拟计算时间长,并且占用庞大的计算资源,这不利于在计算机配置不高的情况下进行科学研究,而二维弹性波数值模拟又达不到三维模拟的精度;同时,当模型、波场空间分布比较复杂时,传统的3维波动方程拟谱法模拟结果比较差.因此,在较高数值精度的一阶应力-速度弹性波动方程的基础上,采用傅氏变换仅计算y方向的偏导数,利用有限差分方法计算x、z方向和时间的偏导数,即利用2.5维数值模拟方法,实现在二维介质中计算三维弹性波场.最后通过数值模拟实现了在各向异性介质中多波波场的数值模拟,验证了2.5维方法是一种高精度、高效率、且能适应复杂模型的正演模拟方法,通过波场分析进一步认识了波在各向异性介质中的传播规律.     

各向异性介质储层数值模拟及波场特征研究

各向异性介质储层中波场特征的研究,有利于对多波资料的准确解释。在弹性波方程基础上,结合数值模拟技术与AVO技术,对多种介质模型和第二类含气砂岩储层模型进行数值模拟与波场特征描述。以表征介质各向异性程度的Thomsen参数为出发点,研究各参数对地震波场动力学和运动学特征的影响,并对第二类含气砂岩介质中模拟得到的正演记录,以及各向异性参数对波场的影响程度进行分析,进一步加深了对该类储层各向异性特征的认识,这为各向异性介质中的参数反演与地震资料解释提供了有力的参考依据。     

Experimental analysis of kaolinite particle orientation during triaxial path

The goal of this study was to analyze the relation between the behaviour of a clayey material at the macroscopic scale and its microfabric evolution. This may lead to a better understanding of macroscopic strain mechanisms especially the contractancy and dilatancy phenomena. The approach proposed in this paper is based on the study of clay particles orientation by SEM picture analysis after different phases of triaxial loading. In the initial state of the samples (one‐dimensional compression), the SEM observations highlight a microstructural anisotropy with a preferential orientation of the particles normal to the loading direction. During isotropic loading, densification of the clayey matrix occurs related to a random orientation of particles indicated by the term ‘depolarization’. In the earlier stages of constant σ₃ drained triaxial path on slightly overconsolidated specimens, the microstructural depolarization seems to persist inside a macroscopic domain, in which only the volumetric strains due to the isotropic part of the stress tensor evolve. Then, a rotation mechanism of the particles towards preferred directions seems to be activated. The phenomenon appears directly linked to the evolution of the deviatoric part of the stress tensor. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The effect of particle shape and grain‐scale properties of shale: A micromechanics approach

Traditional approaches for modeling the anisotropic elasticity response of the highly heterogeneous clay fabric in shale have mainly resorted to geometric factors such as definitions of particles shapes and orientations. However, predictive models based on these approaches have been mostly validated using macroscopic elasticity data. The recent implementation of instrumented indentation aimed at probing nano‐scale mechanical behaviors has provided a new context for characterizing and modeling the anisotropy of the porous clay in shale. Nanoindentation experimental data revealed the significant contribution of the intrinsic anisotropy of the solid clay to the measured elastic response. In this investigation, we evaluate both the effects of geometric factors and of the intrinsic anisotropic elasticity of the solid clay phase on the observed anisotropy of shale at multiple length scales through the development of a comprehensive theoretical micromechanics approach. It was found that among various combinations of these sources of anisotropy, the elastic response of the clay fabric represented as a granular ensemble of aligned effective clay particles with spherical morphology and anisotropic elasticity compares satisfactorily to nanoindentation and ultrasonic pulse velocity measurements at nano‐ and macroscopic length scales, respectively. Other combinations of sources of anisotropy could yield comparable predictions, particularly at macroscopic scales, at the expense of requiring additional experimental data to characterize the morphology and orientations of particles. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.