乡村旅游政策变迁影响路径的组态视角研究——基于黄山案例地的定性比较分析

在中国制度背景下,乡村旅游的发展与政策变迁紧密相关。论文采用多变量交互作用的清晰集定性比较分析(csQCA)方法,基于多源流理论探索乡村旅游政策变迁的动力机制,分析由组织/领导变更、乡村规划政策变更、本地文化政策变更、东道主居民参与以及旅游市场舆情组成的乡村旅游政策变迁影响的构型。研究发现：① 单项因素影响中,组织/领导的变更对文旅局层面的旅游政策出台产生了更大的影响力,东道主居民参与在市级政策的出台上产生了更大的影响力,但所有单因素均不构成乡村旅游政策变迁的必要条件;② 在可能形成的32条路径组合中,存在4个充分性条件的特定组合路径影响市级层面的乡村旅游政策变迁,3个充分性条件特定组合路径影响文旅局层面的乡村旅游政策变迁;③ 对于市级旅游政策变迁来说,乡村规划政策变更、旅游市场舆情和东道主居民参与具有同等重要的影响力,旅游部门的领导变更在组合中影响力相对较小;④ 对于文旅局层面的政策变更来说,组织领导变更、乡村规划政策变更、本地文化政策变更具有同等重要的影响力,东道主居民参与和旅游市场舆情在路径中影响较小;⑤ 多源流的政策变迁动力下旅游政策的效应涉及社会民生等多领域。研究可为未来政策研究领域的深入与政策制定提供参照。     

Sustainable or Not? Tourism Development in Agricultural Heritage Sites

Tourism is often considered as one of the dynamic conservation and adaptive management approaches in Agricultural Heritage Sites. It has been over 15 years since the GIAHS programme was initiated in China, and tourism developed quickly in the Agricultural Heritage Sites, to some extent because many researchers consider tourism as a significant engine of the local economy. However, this is contrary to the original intention of agricultural heritage tourism as it was proposed in the first place. Apparently, there are some overt problems during the tourism development process, which are mainly as follows: Some threats to Agricultural Heritage Systems are ubiquitous; The tourism development mode in Agricultural Heritage Sites is questionable; Community involvement is difficult to implement; And the negative environmental impacts are easy to overlook. Under the context of global development, the UNWTO sustainable tourism criteria provide some guidance for agricultural heritage tourism. Based on the Global Sustainable Tourism Criteria, combined with previous survey experiences and related researches, this paper analyzes the tourism sustainability of all the 15 GIAHS sites in China, and explores the current sustainable tourism development level. On this basis, an agricultural heritage sustainable tourism development framework was built in an attempt to find the road to sustainability for agricultural heritage tourism. The framework in the global and local contexts is trying to connect all the important elements related to agricultural heritage tourism according to the UNWTO sustainable tourism criteria.     

价值与异质性:选择实验下的滨海游憩环境评价

海岸公园环境管理作为重要的生态经济发展问题,在制定有效政策时,相关信息至关重要,尤其是与娱乐或游憩相关的环境属性经济价值评价。本文以大连沿海公园为研究区域,选取海滩类型、垃圾情况、水质清澈度、拥挤程度四个环境要素,采用三种离散选择模型对游客的环境改善支付意愿(Willingness to pay,WTP)进行了估算。研究发现水质改善和减少垃圾的经济价值最高,分别为40.69元和70.55元,另外,游客对于拥挤程度的改善意愿不明显(–0.12元)。此外,本研究针对公园属性组合对受访者偏好及异质性进行了分析,结果表明,在给定的属性因素中,不同游客个体特征下的WTP存在显著的异质性,女性游客较男性对水质改善有着更高的WTP,游客收入水平与支付意愿也有明显的正相关性,从事游泳和划船活动的游客对水质的WTP较高(59.83元)。这些发现为沿海公园管理者制定有价值的政策提供了有用的信息。     

Resident Willingness to Pay for Ecotourism Resources and Associated Factors in Sanjiangyuan National Park,China

Willingness to Pay (WTP), Willingness to Work (WTW) and Willingness to Accept Compensation (WTA) are the three quantitative criteria for assessing local ecological asset values for the social aspects of ecosystem services and residents’ willingness to contribute to and receive compensation for tourism ecology. The objectives of this study are to estimate the residents’ willingness to pay, work and accept compensation for conservation at Sanjiangyuan National Park, and to analyze the relationship between residents’ attitude towards tourism ecology and the ecological assets of the National Park based on a standard questionnaire survey. The dichotomous choice Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) was employed to determine the willingness. The survey conducted in 2018 collected WTP, WTW, WTA, socio-demFographical information, social trust and resident perceptions toward tourism impacts and relevant management strategies from 244 residents in two counties. Based on generalized linear modeling, income and education level are important for residents’ WTP and WTA, but other social characteristics, such as gender and age, do not have significant effects. The social trust is found to be a significant factor on residents’ willingness, despite the limitation on education level. Also, government funding is associated with residents’ inclination to WTP, WTW and WTA, but the support levels differ among the two counties due to geographical and social heterogeneities. The estimated WTP, WTW and WTA for the Sanjiangyuan National Park in 2018 were 1.2448×10 ⁷ yuan, 1.247×10 ⁶ hours and 2.3232×10 ⁷ yuan yr ^-1 based on the survey and published demographics. This study, for the first time, estimates the WTP, WTW and WTA for the Sanjiangyuan National Park and informs ecological conservation managers and policy makers. Ultimately, to maintain the long-term benefits arising from sustainable development, compensation should be specifically tailored and site-dependent, and development measures based on local resources should be adopted by governments to actively support eco-tourism activities.     

中国入境旅游碳足迹时空特征与演化研究

据统计,旅游碳排放已占全球碳排放总量的4.9%,加强对其研究和控制是关乎人类能否可持续发展的重要命题。本文基于地理学的视角,研究了中国2007年到2017年间30个省、市、自治区入境旅游碳足迹时空分布的特征和演化规律。在利用碳足迹综合计算模型和空间分析方法基础上,深入揭示了中国入境旅游碳足迹的时空分布特征及演化规律。结果表明,2007年到2017年间,中国入境旅游碳足迹呈现急速上升又稍有回落的趋势,总量从562.30万t上升到1088.09万t,增长1.94倍,其中交通和邮电业占比最大;近十年来我国多数省市的入境旅游碳足迹变异程度不高,维持在较平稳的状态;空间维度上,则呈现东南向西北方向递减趋势。     

黄石市古代典型矿业遗迹基本特征及开发建议

黄石市矿业遗迹众多,按照其时代特征将矿业遗迹分为：古代矿业遗迹、近代矿业遗迹和现代矿业遗迹三类。春秋战国时代的铜绿山矿业遗迹、宋-元代的银山矿业遗迹和明代的李德贵矿业遗迹是黄石市古代典型矿业遗迹。其中铜绿山矿业遗迹是我国古代青铜器文化的代表,保存极为完好,是爱国主义的教育基地,是研究古代文明的极佳窗口。     

浅析我国生态农业旅游发展

生态农业旅游使人们在领略锦绣田园风光、感受乡土文化气息的同时,增强了保护农业生态环境的意识,并促使农产品品质的提高。文章论述发展生态农业旅游的意义,用可持续发展的观点,着重探讨我国生态农业旅游发展中存在的主要问题,并对其发展提出几点思考。     

我国地理信息产业现状分析

本文在对我国地理信息产业规模、主体、技术、人才等方面进行调查的基础上,分析了我国地理信息产业发展的总体现状,研究了我国地理信息产业发展的主要动力和发展方向,从基础地理信息资源、地理信息产权、市场机制、安全保密等方面指出了我国地理信息产业发展亟待解决的几个问题。     

测绘产品三维可视化系统的研发与应用

根据测绘产品的现状和实际迫切需求,结合多年的案例经验,对测绘产品的三维可视化系统所需的硬件和软件系统进行了研究和开发。详细分析了系统的技术和市场。笔者经过多年的开发和实施了多个成功案例,实践证明测绘产品的三维可视化系统得到了用户和市场的认可,产生了客观的经济效益。     

旅游季节性测度指标的敏感度研究

常用的旅游季节性测度指标有季节性强度指数（R_sd）、基尼系数（G）、泰尔系数（T）、季节性比率（R_sr）、不均匀系数（R_hl）等,国内外学者对其相互关系、客流变动对各项指标的影响程度仍存在争议。构建旅游季节性测度指标的敏感度指标客流量变动效应（s_i）和客流量相对变动效应（p_i）,通过蒙特卡洛方法计算不同旅游季节性强弱尺度（Int）下的各项旅游季节性测度指标的相关系数、以及不同旅游季节性强弱尺度（Int）和不同客流量变动大小尺度（Δ）的组合条件下各项旅游季节性测度指标对各个月份的μ_si、μ^*_si和μ^*_pi,发现：① R_sd、G、T这3项指标相关系数极高,R_sr与R_sd、G、T 3项指标的相关系数随着Int的增大而增大,R_hl与R_sd、G、T、R_sr 4项指标间的相关系数随着Int的增大而减小;② R_sr和R_hl对各月份的s_i以及R_sd、G、T、R_sr对不同月份的μ_si、μ^*_si及μ^*_pi均受Int和Δ的影响,其大小及排序相应产生变动,即在不同的旅游地,其季节性的强弱和客流量变动的大小都会导致各项旅游季节性测度指标对不同月份客流量变动的敏感度及排序存在差异,因此不能简单的认为某项指标对淡旺季客流或平季客流量变动更敏感。