断面法在护岸工程土方量计算中的应用

断面法在土方量计算中具有广泛的应用。本文提出了在护岸工程中只计算中线单侧的土方量的方法,结合重庆市合川城区防洪护岸综合整治二期工程(东津沱段)项目进行实践。结果表明,该方法简单有效,为实际应用者提供了有效的计算方法。     

理论平均值及p分布实例试验

推导了理论平均值公式。它是介于算述平均值和中位值之间的一类估计方法。人们可以根据需要对抗差与效率进行适宜选择。并用 p分布的几种情况进行了实验。     

传统农村房屋地震灾害平均损失率的统计分析

在多年来地震宏观震害资料整理、研究的基础上，对传统农村房屋的类型进行了划分，统计出农村房屋地震灾害的平均损失率与地震烈度之间的关系，以便在地震发生后能较快地初评估地震在农村地区所造成的经济损失，为快速判断震灾规模提供依据。     

黄石、大冶两邻近地区设计雨强差异的原因分析

利用水平距离约23.7 km、年降水量相近的黄石和大冶气象站多年分钟降水资料,根据相关规范,分别推算黄石、大冶两市暴雨强度公式各参数,并分析两市设计雨强存在差异的原因。结果表明:(1)根据公式推算结果,在重现期0.5~100 a黄石各历时雨强(5~120 min)均大于大冶,最大可达27.34%;(2)黄石平均年降水量略小于大冶,但最大年降水量、最大月降水量、最大日降水量、平均年暴雨日数均大于大冶的相应值;(3)对经过年多个样法选样后的降水量样本进行分析:除了第一个最大降水量的多年平均值黄石偏大,其余7个次大值大冶略大。黄石前8个最大降水量算出的标准偏差约为大冶的1.4倍。综合可见,短历时降水量的偏大是黄石设计雨强结果偏大于大冶的原因,设计雨强结果对样本的第一个最大雨量值以及标准偏差更为敏感。     

Long-Term Joint Distribution of One-Tenth Large (or Significant) Wave Height with Average Period

- In this paper, by using the wave data from a few oceanographic observation stations in the coastal zone of the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea and the South China Sea, the long-term joint distribution of the one-tenth large (or significant) wave height with average period is studied. The statistical data demonstrate that the long- term distribution of the one- tenth wave height or average period fits the log-normal distribution, thus the joint distribution also fits the two-dimensional log-normal distribution. Then the conditional probability distribution of the average period is derived, and the range as well as the mode of the average wave period corresponding to a certain return period of wave height can be calculated easily.     

Circulation and Material Transport in Suo-Nada during Spring and Summer

An attempt was made to reproduce the circulation pattern in Suo-Nada, Japan during spring and summer season in order to elucidate the water exchange mechanism in the basin. Two hydrographic surveys at the end of each season were conducted covering the entire Suo-Nada area. A three-dimensional hydrodynamic Princeton Ocean Model (POM) was used to compute the current resulting from the observed density and wind field. During spring, a very pronounced counter clockwise gyre is situated near the opening of the basin. This is replaced by a clockwise circulation which seemed to occupy the whole domain during summer. Within each season, however, the vertical distribution of current does not show any remarkable differences, indicating the dominance of horizontal current and a very weak estuarine flow. These observational and numerical results were used to estimate the remnant function and the corresponding average residence time of permanently dissolved matter (PDM) and transformable matter (TM). The results revealed a small difference in the average residence times of materials within each season but a large seasonal variability between spring and summer. Furthermore, calculations based on climatological density fields have indicated a similar trend of variation between the seasonal values of average residence times. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

三种插值方法在降水等值线绘制中的对比分析

为对比不同插值方法在宁夏回族自治区的适用性,基于宁夏及其周边地区77个气象台站1956—2016年平均降水量数据,运用泰森多边形法、距离平均反比法、克里金插值法对降雨量数据进行空间插值和交叉验证,从插值方法的稳健性和准确度出发进行对比分析,得出适用于宁夏回族自治区的插值方法。研究表明：（1）从准确度来看,克里金插值法与观测值走向、位置较为相似;从稳健性来看,克里金插值法MAE平均值为4.43 mm、RMSE平均值为10.36 mm,显著小于泰森多边形法和距离平均反比法。（2）整体来看,克里金插值法更为理想,可以用于宁夏回族自治区降水量空间插值分析。     

深圳地区季节风特征研究

本研究利用深圳地区8个沿海、陆地自动气象站2007年6月1日至2017年6月1日11年的小时风速观测数据,按不同季节对各站历史阵风观测进行特征分析研究,并计算比较各站的阵风系数。结果表明,沿海气象自动站四季风力观测普遍高于陆地自动站的风力;8个气象台站在夏、秋季受台风影响的最大阵风大于冬春之际受冷空气影响的最大阵风。各台站中,距离海岸最近的港口码头气象站,盐田港、妈湾港、蛇口码头具有最小的阵风系数;随着离海岸距离的增加,气象站的阵风系数变大,即距海岸线远的气象站的大风更具阵性特点。各台站中背仔角与盐田港是大风记录最为频繁的气象站,历史上受台风影响下的最大阵风达到了12级以上,最大平均风分别达到了9级和10级。进一步的大风个例分析结果表明,相比较台风、冷空气条件下的大风,深圳地区强对流天气引发大风更具有阵性的特征,大风发生地点更随机。本研究可以为不同季节条件下深圳地区的风力预测和风险评估提供指导。