HJ-1卫星CCD影像的土地利用自动分类及精度分析——以广西钦北区为例

为研究环境一号小卫星影像在土地利用研究领域的应用潜能,本文以广西钦北区为例,对其进行计算机监督分类,在评定监督分类模板精度的前提下,参照第二次全国土地调查农村数据库,对计算机监督分类结果进行精度评定,最后利用计算机自动地将分类结果发送到实地进行野外验证,并对分类的结果进行全面、准确的评价,以此证明提升环境一号CCD影像自动分类精度和准确度能满足土地利用现状调查的要求。     

新型天气雷达发射脉冲包络检测集成系统设计与实现

实现一种新型天气雷达发射脉冲包络检测集成技术,高度集成数控衰减器、包络检波器、A/D转换器和FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array)处理器;能快速准确的对发射机脉冲特性进行检测,无需其他仪器和工具辅助,全自动测试,自动生成测试报告并根据测试结果给出检修建议,能够有效解决台站天气雷达对发射脉冲包络传统测试和维护的单一测试仪器功能,有效降低人为测试误差,减少天气雷达故障诊断和日常维护带来的制约和影响,促进天气雷达测试、维护维修保障的标准化和自动化。     

Aircraft Measurements of Cloud–Aerosol Interaction over East Inner Mongolia

To investigate the potential effects of aerosols on the microphysical properties of warm clouds, airborne observational data collected from 2009 to 2011 in Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China, were statistically analyzed in this study. The results demonstrated that the vertical distribution of the aerosol number concentration(N_a) was similar to that of the clean rural continent. The average aerosol effective diameter(D_e) was maintained at approximately 0.4 μm at all levels. The data obtained during cloud penetrations showed that there was a progressive increase in the cloud droplet concentration(N_c) and liquid water content(LWC) from outside to inside the clouds, while the Nawas negatively related to the Ncand LWC at the same height. The fluctuation of the N_a, Ncand LWC during cloud penetration was more obvious under polluted conditions(Type 1) than under clean conditions(Type 2). Moreover, the wet scavenging of cloud droplets had a significant impact on the accumulation mode of aerosols, especially on particles with diameters less than 0.4 μm. The minimum wet scavenging coefficient within the cloud was close to 0.02 under Type 1 conditions, while it increased to 0.1 under Type 2 conditions,which proved that the cloud wet scavenging effect under Type 1 conditions was stronger than that under Type 2 conditions.Additionally, cloud droplet spectra under Type 1 conditions were narrower, and their horizontal distributions were more homogeneous than those under Type 2 conditions.     

Two Ultraviolet Radiation Datasets that Cover China

Ultraviolet(UV) radiation has significant effects on ecosystems, environments, and human health, as well as atmospheric processes and climate change. Two ultraviolet radiation datasets are described in this paper. One contains hourly observations of UV radiation measured at 40 Chinese Ecosystem Research Network stations from 2005 to 2015. CUV3 broadband radiometers were used to observe the UV radiation, with an accuracy of 5%, which meets the World Meteorology Organization's measurement standards. The extremum method was used to control the quality of the measured datasets. The other dataset contains daily cumulative UV radiation estimates that were calculated using an all-sky estimation model combined with a hybrid model. The reconstructed daily UV radiation data span from 1961 to 2014. The mean absolute bias error and root-mean-square error are smaller than 30% at most stations, and most of the mean bias error values are negative, which indicates underestimation of the UV radiation intensity. These datasets can improve our basic knowledge of the spatial and temporal variations in UV radiation. Additionally, these datasets can be used in studies of potential ozone formation and atmospheric oxidation, as well as simulations of ecological processes.     

OESM辅助的高分辨率航空正射影像拼接线自动检测算法

针对常规拼接线检测算法在城市区域影像镶嵌时容易出现拼接线穿越建筑物从而破坏地物完整性的问题,提出了一种影像高程同步模型(OESM)辅助的拼接线自动检测算法。该算法首先通过对OESM模型规格化处理标识正射影像中的地物目标;然后在非地物目标区利用改进贪婪蛇算法检测拼接线。通过对建筑物密集分布的城市区域影像进行拼接线检测实验表明,该算法是一种理想的拼接线检测算法。     

大范围倾斜多视影像连接点自动提取的区域网平差法

提出了一种大范围倾斜多视影像自动连接点提取和光束法区域网平差算法。首先利用POS数据对倾斜影像进行矫正并预测候选像对,使用SIFT特征进行影像匹配;然后利用并查集数据结构实现多视影像间连接点对应关系的快速确定;最后将POS数据和控制点数据作为带权观测值进行平差解算。选取3种典型的倾斜相机系统(组装轻量级倾斜相机、国产SWDC-5相机、微软UltraCam相机)进行了试验,结果表明,本文算法能够适应国内外流行的倾斜摄影系统,且一次性可处理的影像数目超过2000张;在相同条件下倾斜影像光束法区域网平差的整体精度优于传统垂直摄影情形,实际精度可以达到水平方向0.75 GSD,高程方向2.0GSD。     

面向地灾应急的国产卫星观测能力分析

针对国产卫星系统在灾害应急观测任务中的覆盖能力并不完全明确的问题,对适用于地质灾害应急观测的国产卫星进行模拟仿真,利用网格点法从空间和时间两个维度对卫星的覆盖情况进行统计分析,深入研究国产卫星在应急响应、重复观测以及复合观测三方面的覆盖能力,并为灾后应急任务制定和我国灾害监测系统的发展提供建议。     

旅游资源专题语义符号自动匹配

针对传统符号自动匹配过程中匹配对象单一且符号复用率较低的问题,该文面向旅游专题符号提出了一种基于语义的符号匹配方法,利用语义分析与语义推理,解决制图所需符号的语义信息归类问题;用所属类符号进行符号匹配,较好地实现了一种符号的多种应用场景。实验结果证明该方法对提高符号的复用率及使用的规范性具有积极意义。     

陆态网测站高精度解算分区方案

中国大陆构造环境监测网络由260个连续全球定位系统观测站点和2 000个不定期全球定位系统观测站点构成,一般采用GAMIT或Bernese高精度数据处理软件进行处理。由于GAMIT及Bernese软件对测站数处理能力的限制,必须对陆态网连续运行基准站进行分区解算。针对这一问题,为研究不同分区方案对陆态网解算精度的影响,该文基于全国55个陆态网络连续运行基准站数据,采用整网解算方案以及间距分区法和区域子网划分法分别进行解算,并以整网解算结果作为标准值,对比两种分区方案与整网解算方案的基线长度差及坐标差。结果表明,间距分区方案解算精度比区域子网划分方案精度高,可实现对陆态网分区的高精度解算。最后利用间距分区法对全国240个陆态网络连续运行基准站进行分区解算,得到了较高精度的解算结果。     

非差观测模型的北斗系统实时动态定位算法

为了提高BDS实时动态定位(RTK)的解算精度,文章研究一种基于非差观测模型的BDS单参考站RTK算法和非差改正数的计算方法,提出一种统一的精密定位数学模型,利用参考站的非差误差改正数以单颗卫星为对象进行误差改正:固定非差宽巷整周模糊度,并固定非差整周模糊度。实验结果表明,利用非差观测模型可实现BDS单参考站RTK定位,并获得厘米级的定位精度。