北太平洋夏季大气环流的持续性异常及其对中国天气的影响

对太平洋北部持续性异常的研究表明，正、负异常的形热从发生、发展到消亡的演变过程十分相似，它们都始于东亚及西太平洋区域距平形势的变化，并在北太平洋及东亚地区出现一规则排列的距平异常区域，东亚及整个北半球的大气环流也相应地发生变化。太平洋北部环流的持续性异常对东亚特别是中国夏季的天气异常有重要影响。诊断分析和数值试验表明，夏季太平洋北部大气环流发生持续性异常与太平洋中低纬的海温异常关系密切。     

7月份降雨分布型的预报方法

综述了我国７月份雨型的划分方法，各种雨型的多雨特点及环流特征，总结了各类雨型的预报判据，着眼于赤道东太平洋海温（ＳＳＴ），冬季（１－３月）５００ｈＰａ环流，春季（３－５月）西太平洋副热带高压，夏季（６－８月）赤道平流层纬向风准两年振荡（ＱＢＯ）等方面，分析了与７月雨型的关联。该方法对业务预报有很好的指导意义。     

线性和非线性风应力对海-气耦合波的影响

在略去Ｒｅｙｌｅｉｇｈ摩擦和Ｎｅｗｔｏｎ冷却的条件下，采用定常的线性大气模式和半地转近似的非线性海洋模式，讨论了线性和非线性风应力对海－气耦合Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波的影响，结果表明，当耦合波处于非线性不稳定的情况下，线性和非线性风应力均可产生孤立波，不同之处在于，非线性风应力所产笺波图像具有间断特点，波能的急剧聚集有可能使波的性质发生变化。     

ON THE VERTICAL DISCRETIZATION OF ATMOSPHERIC MODELS-PART Ⅰ:EXISTING PROBLEMS,DATA PROCESSING AND CHOICE OF VERTICAL COORDINATE AND BASIS FUNCTIONS

Discussions are carried out on the vertical discretization of current atmospheric models.It is pointed out that there exist problems in the integration of the hydrostatic equation and the computation of vertical advection,vertical diffusion and so on.Then some possible ways for solving or alleviating them are suggested.Finally,the choice of vertical coordinate and basis functions is discussed.     

台风区和外围暴雨区的旋转风、散度风动能收支

用完全的散度风(v_D)和旋转风(v_R)动能收支方程对8116台风和8407台风以及8116台风与其外围暴雨区的关系作了讨论。结果表明:台风区的有效位能通过散度风动能(K_D)转换为旋转风动能(K_R).台风向区域外部输出动能,在暴雨区上空通过涡度、散度场相互作用的转换机制由K_R向K_D转换,散度风加大触发对流发展产生暴雨,这可能是台风与其外围暴雨联系的一种能量过程。     

青藏高原冬小麦田辐射能量收支的初步研究

通过对青藏高原冬小麦田净全辐射各分量的观测资料分析，论述了净全辐射及其各分量的日变化特征；计算得出冬小麦抽穗—乳熟期麦田平均反射率为13.3%，净全辐射占总辐射百分率:白天75%，包括夜间67.4%；指出了净全辐射和总辐射间存在良好的线性关系，给出了由总辐射计算净全辐射的经验公式。     

江苏省主要作物农田水分盈亏量的研究

利用江苏省1980～1992年土壤湿度资料，根据土壤水分平衡原理，运用运筹学中的优化技术，结合本省的自然条件和作物生长实际情况，提出有效降水量、下层水分补给量等计算方法，建立了旱地和稻田农田水分盈亏量的计算模式，以便应用实时降水和土壤湿度等资料，计算全省农田水分盈亏量，及时提供农业气象情报服务。     

First-Order Chemistry in the Surface-Flux Layer

We have discussed the behavior of a non-conserved scalar in the stationary, horizontally homogeneous, neutral surface-flux layer and, on the basis of conventional second-order closure, derived analytic expressions for flux and for mean concentration of a gas, subjected to a first-order removal process. The analytic flux solution showed a clear deviation from the constant flux, characterizing a conserved scalar in the surface-flux layer. It decreases with height and is reduced by an order of magnitude of the surface flux at a height equal to about the typical mean distance a molecule can travel before destruction. The predicted mean concentration profile, however, shows only a small deviation from the logarithmic behavior of a conserved scalar. The solution is consistent with assuming a flux-gradient relationship with a turbulent diffusivity corrected by the Damköhler ratio, the ratio of a characteristic turbulent time scale and the scalar mean lifetime. We show that if we use only first-order closure and neglect the effect of the Damköhler ratio on the turbulent diffusivity we obtain another analytic solution for the profiles of the flux and the mean concentration which, from an experimental point of view, is indistinguishable from the first analytic solution. We have discussed two cases where the model should apply, namely NO which, by night, is irreversibly destroyed by interaction with mainly O₃ and the radioactive ²²⁰Rn. Only in the last case was it possible to find data to shed light on the validity of our predictions. The agreement seemed such that a falsification of our model was impossible. It is shown how the model can be used to predict the surface flux of ²²⁰Rn from measured concentration profiles.     

华北夏季旱涝的前期环流异常及其与北太平洋海温的关系

文章分析了华北地区夏季旱涝的前期春季大气环流和北太平洋海温异常（ＳＳＴＡ）分布特征，探讨ＳＳＴＡ与异常环流的关系，并用ＯＳＵ－ＡＧＣＭ进行黑潮地区热源异常强迫的数值试验．结果表明，当春季北极低涡明显减弱，欧亚大陆中高纬度地区纬向环流加强，西太平洋副高位置偏北偏西，且存在负ＰＮＡ型异常环流时，华北地区夏季多雨涝；反之则少雨干旱．此时，西北太平洋和赤道东太平洋ＳＳＴ分别存在较大的正、负异常，它们与春季环流异常密切相关，黑潮区ＳＳＴＡ对北半球副热带及其以北的大气环流产生显著影响，正的ＳＳＴＡ是造成华北夏涝年的前期春季异常环流形势的重要因素．     

Another Source of Atmospheric Methane

The atmospheric concentration of methane is steadily increasin.Lacking of precise estimates of source and sink strengths for the atmospheric methane severely limits the current understanding of the global methane cycle.Agood budget of atmospheric methane can enhance our understanding of the global carbon cycle and global climate change,The known estimates of the main source and sink strengths are gresented in this paper,In terms of carbon isotopic studies,it is evidenced that the earth‘s primodial methane,which was trapped in the earth during its formation,may be another source of methane,with extensive,earth‘s degassing which is calleld the “breathing“ process of the earth and played an important role in the formation of the promitive atmosphere,large amounts of methane were carried from the deep interior to the surface and then found its way into the atmosphere.