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排序方式: 共有7687条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
Thomas Backhaus Rolf Altenburger sa Arrhenius Hans Blanck Michael Faust Antonio Finizio Paola Gramatica Matthias Grote Marion Junghans Wiebke Meyer Manuela Pavan Tobias Porsbring Martin Scholze Roberto Todeschini Marco Vighi Helge Walter L. Horst Grimme 《Continental Shelf Research》2003,23(17-19):1757
Freshwater and marine ecosystems are exposed to various multi-component mixtures of pollutants. Nevertheless, most ecotoxicological research and chemicals regulation focus on hazard and exposure assessment of individual substances only, the problem of chemical mixtures in the environment is ignored to a large extent. In contrast, the assessment of combination effects has a long tradition in pharmacology, where mixtures of chemicals are specifically designed to develop new products, e.g. human and veterinary drugs or agricultural and non-agricultural pesticides. In this area, two concepts are frequently used and are thought to describe fundamental relationships between single substance and mixture effects: Independent Action (Response Addition) and Concentration Addition. The question, to what extent these concepts may also be applied in an ecotoxicological and regulatory context may be considered a research topic of major importance, as the concepts would allow to make use of already existing single substance toxicity data for the predictive assessment of mixture toxicities. Two critical knowledge gaps are identified: (a) There is a lack of environmental realism, as a huge part of our current knowledge about the applicability of the concepts is restricted to artificial situations with respect to mixture composition or biological effect assessment. (b) The knowledge on what exactly is needed for using the concepts as tools for the predictive mixture toxicity assessment is insufficient. Both gaps seriously hamper the necessary, scientifically sound consideration of mixture toxicities in a regulatory context.In this paper, the two concepts will be briefly introduced, the necessity of considering the toxicities of chemical mixtures in the environment will be demonstrated and the applicability of Independent Action and Concentration Addition as tools for the prediction and assessment of mixture toxicities will be discussed. An overview of the specific aims and approaches of the BEAM project to fill in the identified knowledge gaps is given and first results are outlined. 相似文献
62.
This work presents a novel procedure for identifying the dynamic characteristics of a building and diagnosing whether the building has been damaged by earthquakes, using a back‐propagation neural network approach. The dynamic characteristics are directly evaluated from the weighting matrices of the neural network trained by observed acceleration responses and input base excitations. Whether the building is damaged under a large earthquake is assessed by comparing the modal parameters and responses for this large earthquake with those for a small earthquake that has not caused this building any damage. The feasibility of the approach is demonstrated through processing the dynamic responses of a five‐storey steel frame, subjected to different strengths of the Kobe earthquake, in shaking table tests. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
63.
Ken Durham 《Natural Hazards》2003,30(2):251-261
Cairns is exposed to the well-known natural hazards oftropical cyclone, flood, stormsurge and thunderstorm, but is also exposed to thelesser-known hazards of landslip, earthquake and dam break flooding. Recommendations fortreating the risks associated with these hazards have been made that will involve amulti-disciplinary approach to treatment strategies, require the cooperation of allthree levels of government, involve public utility authorities and private enterprise andinvolve the community as a whole.This paper summarises the suggested mitigation treatmentoptions, presented to the Cairns City Council and identified in the LocalGovernment Disaster Mitigation Project conducted in Cairns in 1999/2000 by theQueensland Department of Emergency Services. 相似文献
64.
Quantifying Storm Tide Risk in Cairns 总被引:6,自引:5,他引:6
Ken Granger 《Natural Hazards》2003,30(2):165-185
The United Nations International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR)gave rise to an increasing level of attention to the risks posed by a range of naturalhazards and the development of strategies by which to reduce those risks. It waswidely recognised that in order to evaluate risk treatment strategies it was necessaryto `measure' the level of risk that already existed and the level of risk that would beencountered with the treatment strategy(s) in place.This paper outlines the methodology developed under the AGSO (now GeoscienceAustralia) Cities Project to quantify the risk associated with storm tide inundation. It includes the methodology for `measuring' the level of community exposure to storm tide hazards and the methodology for `measuring' community vulnerability. The Far North Queensland city of Cairns is used as the case study to demonstrate the application of these methods. 相似文献
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67.
遥感技术在区域地质调查中的应用研究进展 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
论述了1∶5万区域地质调查中的图像信息理论及其应用意义;讨论了遥感岩石学、影像地层学、遥感构造分析、环境地质与生态地质遥感地质解译填图的基础理论和方法;论述了影像地质界线的基本信息类型及其信息理解过程;提出了影像地质信息的多级识别方法和空间模糊叠加分析方法;最后探讨了区域地质调查中遥感技术的发展趋势。 相似文献
68.
Application of discovery process models in estimating petroleum resources at the play level in China
Discovery process modeling has gained wide acceptance in the Chinese exploration community. In recent years, a variety of
discovery process models have been applied to the prediction of undiscovered petroleum resources at the play level in sedimentary
basins in China. However, challenging problems have been encountered, particularly when one method alone has been applied
to small plays in nonmarine sedimentary basins or in plays with an unusual order of discovery wells. This paper presents results
gotten by using the lognormal discovery process model of the Geological Survey of Canada and the geoanchored method for three
petroleum plays in basins with different geologic settings. Although the predicted shapes of the parentsize distributions
which use these two models, were not always similar, the expected values of the total resources and the number of fields (pools)
to be discovered are comparable. The combined use of two discovery process models in the same play compensates for the weaknesses
in one method compared with the other and vice versa. Thus, more reliable estimates are the result. 相似文献
69.
C. Sozou 《Geophysical Journal International》1997,130(1):151-156
Laplace's tidal equations for the case of an ocean of constant depth bounded by meridians were considered by two authors at a specific frequency as an eigenvalue problem in the azimuthal wavenumber. A finite spectrum of eigenwavenumbers was found. That eigenvalue problem is re-examined by means of asymptotic techniques and numerical integration of the governing equation of the problem. At low frequencies a formula connecting the frequency and the number of eigensolutions is established. It is shown that at a given frequency the spectrum of eigenwavenumbers is wider than that reported, but (for this type of solution) the meridional boundary conditions are satisfied approximately only for the case of very low frequencies. 相似文献
70.