空心村土地整治潜力调查与评价技术方法——以山东省禹城市为例

新时期中国农村土地整治,已由单纯的学术性研究逐渐上升为拉动内需、推动新农村建设、实现统筹城乡发展战略的重大举措.开展空心村用地整治潜力的调查与评价是实行空心村整治的重要前提和基础.以山东省禹城市徐集等13个典型村为例,综合集成地理学、信息科学、土地科学等多学科的优势与技术手段,深入开展了典型空心村选取、村庄尺度土地利用现状分类体系构建、宅基地利用属性调查表设计、高分辨率遥感影像(分辨率0.25 m)使用与解译、空心村整治潜力类型及其测算方法等研究,逐层递进地构建了空心村用地潜力调查与评价的成套技术方法.实现了对传统土地利用研究的有益创新,有据可依,步骤清晰,成果明确,简单易行,空心村用地潜力调查与评价结果符合山东省禹城市的实际状况,取得了良好应用效果.研究成果可为开展我国空心村土地综合整治潜力的调查与评价提供技术方法支持.     

贵州冰雹灾害强度评估方法研究

【目的】为快速评估单次过程冰雹强度和范围,及时为灾后的救援、勘察和保险核灾工作提供参考依据,【方法】本文利用贵州省2021-2023年间的141次冰雹过程的多普勒天气雷达资料和探空资料,结合降雹观测资料和灾害损失调查记录,在贵州山区防雹业务预报预警指标的框架下,通过历史资料回算的定性评估结果跟网格化处理后的降雹数据做一致性对比,选取冰雹强度精细化评估的影响结果覆盖94%以上的降雹观测点位置且收敛性较好的阈值作为单时次的识别指标确定的依据,采用加权时间积分方法建立冰雹过程评估模型,该模型能够对冰雹过程进行精细化评估得到1km空间分辨率的评估结果。【结果】为验证评估结果的准确性,选取了一次典型灾害开展无人机遥感调查,反演结果与评估结果作对比检验,25处冰雹受灾位置中有22处降雹区位于评估范围的重度区域内,3处降雹区位于评估结果对应的中度灾害范围内,调查情况与冰雹精细化评估的强度范围和分布一致。以六盘水市风雹灾害损失记录和冰雹影响面积区域评估数据作对比分析,结果表明三种不同冰雹强度的评估面积与直接经济损失数据的两两相关系数均达到0.8以上,在0.01的显著性水平下进行假设检验,具有显著正相关。【结论】检验结果说明该评估方法在冰雹区域强度评估中能够较好地反映实际受灾程度。     

The spatial local accuracy of land cover datasets over the Qiangtang Plateau,High Asia

We analyzed the spatial local accuracy of land cover (LC) datasets for the Qiangtang Plateau, High Asia, incorporating 923 field sampling points and seven LC compilations including the International Geosphere Biosphere Programme Data and Information System (IGBPDIS), Global Land cover mapping at 30 m resolution (GlobeLand30), MODIS Land Cover Type product (MCD12Q1), Climate Change Initiative Land Cover (CCI-LC), Global Land Cover 2000 (GLC2000), University of Maryland (UMD), and GlobCover 2009 (Glob-Cover). We initially compared resultant similarities and differences in both area and spatial patterns and analyzed inherent relationships with data sources. We then applied a geographically weighted regression (GWR) approach to predict local accuracy variation. The results of this study reveal that distinct differences, even inverse time series trends, in LC data between CCI-LC and MCD12Q1 were present between 2001 and 2015, with the exception of category areal discordance between the seven datasets. We also show a series of evident discrepancies amongst the LC datasets sampled here in terms of spatial patterns, that is, high spatial congruence is mainly seen in the homogeneous southeastern region of the study area while a low degree of spatial congruence is widely distributed across heterogeneous northwestern and northeastern regions. The overall combined spatial accuracy of the seven LC datasets considered here is less than 70%, and the GlobeLand30 and CCI-LC datasets exhibit higher local accuracy than their counterparts, yielding maximum overall accuracy (OA) values of 77.39% and 61.43%, respectively. Finally, 5.63% of this area is characterized by both high assessment and accuracy (HH) values, mainly located in central and eastern regions of the Qiangtang Plateau, while most low accuracy regions are found in northern, northeastern, and western regions.

     

新建蒲虹公路过湿路基的换填施工技术研究

基于浦虹公路区域地质、构造、降雨和工程特征的分析,针对不同特点的过湿路段施用不同的换填方案.并相应地制定施工工艺、工艺流程和操作要点.实际工程表明.该换填施工技术符合相应的设计和规范要求,效果良好.     

合格评定资料介绍

本文介绍关于合格评定的资料。这些资料包括合格评定的组织机构、法律法规及技术法规,以供对实验室认可和质量认证感兴趣的机构参考。     

Algorithms for automatic,real-time tsunami detection in wind–wave measurements Part I: Implementation strategies and basic tests

Several, although not all, wind–wave gages are equipped with sensors capable of detecting sea-level oscillations within the tsunami frequency band. The present paper looks at the algorithms to be implemented in the software of these gages in order to automatically perform the real-time detection of a possible tsunami within recorded signals. In particular, a new algorithm is proposed and tested. The first part of the paper concentrates on the algorithms' characteristics, implementation strategies and basic testing. First of all, the situations in which wind–wave measurements are either essential, or useful for real-time tsunami detection are discussed. In the second place, already existing algorithms are recalled, specifying their characteristics and fields of application. Then, the characteristics of the new proposed algorithm – mainly based on an infinite impulse response, time domain filter – are illustrated and analyzed. Performance and efficiency of the considered algorithms are compared using synthetic time series. The second part of the paper discusses the algorithms' use in the framework of Tsunami Early Warning Systems (TEWS), testing them in actual cases.     

X-ray binary unified analysis: pulse/RV application to Vela X1: GP Velorum

A procedure for simultaneous analysis of multiple kinds of observations is developed for binaries that contain X-ray pulsars. A wide variety of observation types might be included, although we consider only velocity: pulse and light: velocity: pulse cases at present. The model operates with equipotentials and can accommodate non-synchronous rotation and eccentric orbits. The duration condition imposed by observed X-ray eclipses is incorporated as an embedded constraint, so that only solutions consistent with the eclipse duration are found. Relations needed for the method of differential corrections in least-squares solutions are specified, and we apply the Marquardt scheme for improvement of solution convergence. Parameters of Vela X1: GP Velorum are obtained from seven combinations of pulse and radial velocity data. The estimated masses are thereby put into some perspective, especially for the neutron star. The mass of the supergiant ( m  sin³  i ) now ranges only ±5 per cent from the mean of seven results, although the uncertainty in i makes the actual mass range larger. We discuss the determinacy of certain parameters and their historical consistency. For example, the systemic radial velocity differs among spectroscopic data sets by more than 20 km s⁻¹. We show that, contrary to published assertions, the orbital inclinations of high-mass X-ray binaries are essentially indeterminable by the usual methods, although lower limits to inclination may be meaningful for some examples.     

Spectral analysis of the 91bg-like Type Ia SN 2005bl: low luminosity, low velocities, incomplete burning

The properties of underluminous Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) of the 91bg subclass have yet to be theoretically understood. Here, we take a closer look at the structure of the dim SN Ia 2005bl. We infer the abundance and density profiles needed to reproduce the observed spectral evolution between −6 d and  +12.9 d  with respect to B maximum. Initially, we assume the density structure of the standard explosion model W7; then we test whether better fits to the observed spectra can be obtained using modified density profiles with different total masses and kinetic energies. Compared to normal SNe Ia, we find a lack of burning products especially in the rapidly expanding outer layers  ( v ≳ 15 000 km s⁻¹)  . The zone between ∼8500 and 15 000 km s⁻¹ is dominated by oxygen and includes some amount of intermediate-mass elements. At lower velocities, intermediate-mass elements dominate. This holds down to the lowest zones investigated in this work. This fact, together with negligible-to-moderate abundances of Fe-group elements, indicates large-scale incomplete Si burning or explosive O burning, possibly in a detonation at low densities. Consistently with the reduced nucleosynthesis, we find hints of a kinetic energy lower than that of a canonical SN Ia: the spectra strongly favour reduced densities at  ≳13 000 km s⁻¹  compared to W7, and are very well fitted using a rescaled W7 model with original mass  (1.38 M_⊙)  , but a kinetic energy reduced by ∼30 per cent (i.e. from  1.33 × 10⁵¹  to  0.93 × 10⁵¹ erg  ).     

BHαBAR: big Hα kinematical sample of barred spiral galaxies – I. Fabry–Perot observations of 21 galaxies

We present the Hα gas kinematics of 21 representative barred spiral galaxies belonging to the BHαBAR sample. The galaxies were observed with FaNTOmM, a Fabry–Perot integral-field spectrometer, on three different telescopes. The three-dimensional data cubes were processed through a robust pipeline with the aim of providing the most homogeneous and accurate data set possible useful for further analysis. The data cubes were spatially binned to a constant signal-to-noise ratio, typically around 7. Maps of the monochromatic Hα emission line and of the velocity field were generated and the kinematical parameters were derived for the whole sample using tilted-ring models. The photometrical and kinematical parameters (position angle of the major axis, inclination, systemic velocity and kinematical centre) are in relative good agreement, except perhaps for the later-type spirals.