湖北省近45年降水气候变化及其对旱涝的影响

从气候倾向率、旱涝倾斜度以及强降水过程次数与强度等方面,对湖北省72个气象台站近45年雨量观测资料及来自于中国农业部信息中心网站洪涝干旱受灾面积等数据进行了分析。研究结果表明:近45年来,随着全球气候变化,湖北东部,尤其是江汉平原东南部的年雨量呈增加趋势,而年降雨天数有减少的趋势;年雨量的增加主要是大雨或强降水增多造成的;湖北省强降水过程及其中心强度呈增多和加强趋势。雨量增多、雨强加大、围湖造田、江河水位高出江汉平原地表以及江汉平原自然下沉等因素加大加快了旱涝灾害程度与频率,应当引起当地政府的高度重视。     

异常块体中金属资源量的计算方法初探

为了将区域化探异常的找矿意义作出定量化的评价，在前人研究的基础上，提出了区域化探异常块体中的金属资源量的计算方法与计算公式，其中选择了剩余异常值(M)作为计算异常块体内富集金属量的重要参数，提高了预测的准确性，初步实现了预测资源量从定性向定量化的转变。经已知矿产地异常块体的金属资源量的计算验证，效果令人满意。     

古洪水平流沉积粒度特征

古洪水信息的取得依赖于对其信息的载体－古洪水平流沉积作出准确的识别和判定,其判定的标志之一是粒度分析。根据长江、黄河、海河、淮河古洪水研究的经验,首次建立了一套实验分析判定古洪水平流沉积粒度特征的指标体系,对古洪水研究的推广应用具有较高的实用价值。     

Exploring Placer Gold Deposits through Integrated Geophysical and Geochemical Techniques at the Confluence of the Indus and Kabul Rivers, NW Pakistan

Analysis of the anomalous magnetic mineral intensities and geochemistry for placer gold deposits are presented for those of the Attock area at the confluence of the Indus and Kabul rivers in northwestern Pakistan. Two grids covering an area of 10x18 m2 and 8x10 m2 were analyzed using a G-858 Cesium Vapor Magnetometer. The anomalous zones obtained were plotted on contour maps, 2D and 3D magnetic intensity maps. Based on the magnetic anomalies, grid-1 of the study area was sampled at three different anomalous zones for geochemical analysis. These zones contain gold concentrations, ranging from 2.11 ppm to 6.109 ppm with an average of 4.01 ppm. Increase in gold concentration in the subsurface within the anomalous zones indicates that magnetometer survey followed by a geochemical analysis can potentially narrow down the gold-bearing anomalous zones.     

异常气候条件下秘鲁外海茎柔鱼栖息地的时空变动

茎柔鱼主要分布于东太平洋,是我国鱿钓渔船的主要捕捞对象,气候变化对其栖息地有较大影响。本研究依据1950-2015年海表温度(SST)、海表高度距平(SSHA)以及尼诺指数(Ni?o3.4指数),计算秘鲁外海茎柔鱼栖息地适宜性指数(HSI),分析在厄尔尼诺(El Ni?o)、正常气候和拉尼娜(La Ni?a)条件下适宜栖息地的时空变动。分析表明,海表温度距平(SSTA)和SSHA与Ni?o3.4指数的变化趋势基本相同,Ni?o3.4指数与SSTA和SSHA均呈显著正相关,但与HSI值呈显著负相关。依据气候事件的定义,将研究年份划分为El Ni?o年,正常年和La Ni?a年。研究发现,在El Ni?o年,茎柔鱼渔场水温变暖,海面高度上升,适宜的SST和SSHA范围缩小,导致适宜的栖息地面积范围缩减;而在正常气候和La Ni?a年份,茎柔鱼渔场水温变冷,海面高度下降,适宜的SST和SSHA范围增大,因此适宜的栖息地面积范围增加。此外,Ni?o3.4指数和茎柔鱼渔场HSI纬度重心呈显著正相关,在El Ni?o事件下适宜的栖息地纬度重心向南偏移。研究认为,不同ENSO事件下茎柔鱼渔场环境变化...     

盛夏海南岛防区台风累积动能气候异常特征分析北大核心

利用1981—2018年CMA-STI热带气旋最佳路径数据集、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和OA Flux3潜热通量数据,分析了盛夏海南岛台风累积动能(Accumulated Cyclone Energy,ACE)气候特征及异常年大气环流形势和相关物理量特征。结果表明:1981—2018年盛夏海南岛ACE呈先下降后上升的变化趋势,同时具有明显年代际特征,2010年后存在准2 a显著周期。盛夏ACE偏高(低)年,西太副高偏大(小)偏强(弱)偏西(东),其南侧伴有偏强(弱)的季风槽,台风北侧对流(不)活跃;低层防区内存在异常气旋式切变(反气旋式环流),海南受偏东(西)异常气流影响,有利(不利)于对流、水汽等向台风环流并入而加强(削弱)台风,120°~130°E越赤道气流(不)活跃;菲律宾以东至南海高空抽吸作用偏强(弱),盛行异常上升(下沉)运动,且环境风垂直切变偏小(大);东海—日本海潜热通量偏小(大),热带西太平洋及南海低层为水汽辐合(散)区。     

决策树算法在雷达反射率因子质控中的应用

基于决策树算法，利用2020年武汉多普勒天气雷达探测资料，分析决策树算法对反射率因子的质控效果，得到以下主要结论：（1）决策树算法能有效滤除湖北东部地区由于山脉和城市建筑所导致的固定地物回波和超折射地物回波。（2）对于降水回波而言，决策树算法不改变雷达近距离范围内回波的位置、形状和强度，而远距离处（≥160 km）回波则存在一定程度的过度质控，主要是由于雷达波束随距离增加而抬高以及回波垂直梯度较大导致。（3）决策树算法对辐射状和弧状杂波的质控能力较好，其滤除率达到95%以上。     

Current-driven plasma turbulence in a magnetic flux tube

The behaviour of a multi-component anisotropic plasma in a magnetic flux tube is studied in the presence of current-driven electrostatic ion-cyclotron turbulence. The plasma transport is considered in both parallel and perpendicular directions with respect to the given tube. As one of the sources of the parallel electric field, the anomalous resistivityof the plasma caused by the turbulence is taken into account. The acceleration and heating processes of the plasma are simulated numerically. It is found that at the upper boundary of the nightside auroral ionosphere, the resonant wave-particle interactions are most effective in the case of upward field-aligned currents with densities of a few 10^—6 A/m². The occurring anomalous resistivity maycause differences of the electric potential along the magnetic field lines of some kV. Further it is shown that the thickness of the magnetic flux tube and the intensity of the convection strongly influence the turbulent plasma heating.     

ENSO对印度洋偶极子非对称性的影响及机制研究北大核心

利用海表温度再分析资料、NCEP/NCAR大气环流再分析资料以及MPI-ESM1-2-LR气候模式PI-Control试验输出数据等,通过对不同强度的厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(El Nino-Southern Oscillation, ENSO)事件所对应的印度洋偶极子(Indian Ocean Dipole, IOD)事件的分析,探讨了ENSO对IOD偏度的调制作用。结果表明,伴随着赤道中东太平洋明显的正海温偏度,秋季印度洋海表温度存在西正东负的偏度。IOD与ENSO之间呈现出较强的非线性关系,且大部分强的正IOD事件对应着强El Nino事件。强El Nino位相下,IOD事件相关的海温与风场表现出很强的响应,强于La Nina事件产生的响应,表现为强的非对称性;相比较而言,弱El Nino事件与La Nina事件下引起的印度洋海温和风场的强度相当,并没有显著的非对称性。因此,ENSO可通过激发非对称的大气遥相关对IOD强度非对称性产生调制作用,印度洋海表温度偏度很大程度上是由强El Nino事件导致的强正IOD事件所贡献。     

The Response of Anomalous Vertically Integrated Moisture Flux Patterns Related to Drought and Flood in Southern China to Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly

With the extreme drought (flood) event in southern China from July to August in 2022 (1999) as the research object, based on the comprehensive diagnosis and composite analysis on the anomalous drought and flood years from July to August in 1961-2022, it is found that there are significant differences in the characteristics of the vertically integrated moisture flux (VIMF) anomaly circulation pattern and the VIMF convergence (VIMFC) anomaly in southern China in drought and flood years, and the VIMFC, a physical quantity, can be regarded as an indicative physical factor for the "strong signal" of drought and flood in southern China. Specifically, in drought years, the VIMF anomaly in southern China is an anticyclonic circulation pattern and the divergence characteristics of the VIMFC are prominent, while those are opposite in flood years. Based on the SST anomaly in the typical draught year of 2022 in southern China and the SST deviation distribution characteristics of abnormal draught and flood years from 1961 to 2022, five SST high impact areas (i.e., the North Pacific Ocean, Northwest Pacific Ocean, Southwest Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, and East Pacific Ocean) are selected via the correlation analysis of VIMFC and the global SST in the preceding months (May and June) and in the study period (July and August) in 1961-2022, and their contributions to drought and flood in southern China are quantified. Our study reveals not only the persistent anomalous variation of SST in the Pacific and the Indian Ocean but also its impact on the pattern of moisture transport. Furthermore, it can be discovered from the positive and negative phase fitting of SST that the SST composite flow field in high impact areas can exhibit two types of anomalous moisture transport structures that are opposite to each other, namely an anticyclonic (cyclonic) circulation pattern anomaly in southern China and the coastal areas of east China. These two types of opposite anomalous moisture transport structures can not only drive the formation of drought (flood) in southern China but also exert its influence on the persistent development of the extreme weather.