Numerical Experiment on Impact of Anomalous SST Warming in Kuroshio Extension in Previous Winter on East Asian Summer Monsoon

The impact of anomalous sea surface temperature (SST) warming in the Kuroshio Extension in the previous winter on the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) was investigated by performing simulation tests using NCAR CAM3.The results show that anomalous SST warming in the Kuroshio Extension in winter causes the enhancement and northward movement of the EASM.The monsoon indexes for East Asian summer monsoon and land-sea thermal difference,which characterize the intensity of the EASM,show an obvious increase during the onset period of the EASM.Moreover,the land-sea thermal difference is more sensitive to warmer SST.Low-level southwesterly monsoon is clearly strengthened meanwhile westerly flows north (south) of the subtropical westerly jet axis are strengthened (weakened) in northern China,South China Sea,and the Western Pacific Ocean to the east of the Philippines.While there is an obvious decrease in precipitation over the Japanese archipelago and adjacent oceans and over the area from the south of the Yangtze River in eastern China to the Qinling Mountains in southern China,precipitation increases notably in northern China,the South China Sea,the East China Sea,the Yellow Sea,and the Western Pacific to the east of the Philippines.North China is the key area where the response of the EASM to the SST anomalous warming in the Kuroshio Extension is prominent.The surface air temperature shows a warming trend.The warming in the entire troposphere between 30oN and 50oN increases the land-sea thermal contrast,which plays an important role in the enhancement of the EASM.Atmospheric circulation and precipitation anomalies in China and its adjacent regions have a close relationship with the enhancement of the Western Pacific subtropical high and its northward extension.     

Influence of sieving time on the efficiency and accuracy of grain‐size analysis of beach and dune sands

Grain size is a fundamental property of sediments and is commonly used to describe sedimentary facies and classify sedimentary environments. Among the various conventional techniques utilized to determine grain‐size frequency distributions, sieving is the most widely applied procedure. The accuracy of such analyses is, among other factors, strongly dependent on the sieving time. However, despite a substantial amount of research in this field, optimal sieving times for different types of sediments have, to date, not been established. In this article, the influence of sieving time on grain‐size analyses of medium‐grained microtidal and mesotidal beach and dune sands has been determined. To assess the precision of important textural parameters, such as median grain size, sorting, skewness and kurtosis, an error analysis was carried out for different sieving times (2, 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes). After calibrating the analytical and sampling methodologies, significant deviations were registered when sieving time was less than 10 minutes. However, such deviations were very small and grain‐size distributions remained almost identical for sieving times of 10 minutes and longer, relative errors being as low as 0% in some cases.     

重力资料聚焦反演成像改进及其应用

聚焦反演在实际应用中面临着两个问题需要及时解决: 成像的趋肤效应和异常体的过度聚合。利用指数深度加权函数来约束聚焦反演可以克服趋肤效应。结果表明,深度加权可以很好地限制过多异常源在地表的聚合。对于异常体的过度聚合,本文提出了异常源外扩方法,该方法将超出限制的异常源进行向异常体外的迭代式扩充。实验表明,异常体外扩方法成像效果优于常规的异常源截除方法。     

基于模板匹配法的长乐雷达强超折射回波识别

我国有许多新一代天气雷达架设在高山上,由于海拔高度较高,加上地球曲率的影响,在使用VCP11/VCP21模式探测时,造成较大的探测盲区,对低层降水回波的探测能力严重不足。长乐新一代天气雷达经过调整观测模式后,采用负仰角扫描有利于中小尺度灾害性天气系统的监测和预警,但同时会带来地物回波增强、海浪回波及超折射等负面效应。基于此,通过大量个例统计并分析长乐雷达在特定大气条件下的强超折射回波特征,借助模式识别理论提出了一个新方法"模板匹配法"识别强超折射回波。利用大量强超折射回波数据的检验和分析,结果表明该方法能够在不影响负仰角扫描模式下有效滤除长乐雷达的强超折射回波。目前该方法正在试运行,即将应用到中国新一代天气雷达建设业务软件系统开发ROSE项目中。     

辽宁初夏降水大尺度环流影响因子及2012年初夏异常多雨成因分析

利用辽宁省50站1961—2012年夏季逐日降水资料及NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料,对辽宁初夏降水异常的大尺度环流特征进行了诊断分析。在此基础上对引起2012年辽宁初夏降水异常偏多的大尺度环流进行了研究。研究发现:东亚地区对流层不同高度上大尺度环流系统相互配合是造成辽宁初夏降水异常的主要原因。2012年辽宁初夏的4次主要降水过程对应的环流形势基本相同,200 hPa高空急流在东北以西上空出现气旋式分支现象;500 hPa上亚洲中纬地区受两槽两脊控制,东北地区上空是槽区,对应明显的位势高度负距平;850 hPa风场和整层水汽通量场上,东北地区上空均为气旋式环流;多雨年200 hPa高空急流出现分支现象,副热带西风急流强度偏强;500 hPa亚洲中纬地区受两脊一槽控制,东北地区上空是槽区,对应位势高度负距平;850 hPa风场在东北地区上空表现为气旋式环流。这表明东北地区上空对流层从低到高,都受一个深厚的低值系统控制;各层环流情况均表明:东北冷涡这一深厚的冷性涡旋系统是2012年辽宁初夏降水异常偏多的主要影响因子。     

A POSSIBLE IMPACT OF ELNi?o MODOKI ON SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE OF CHINA’S OFFSHORE AND ITS ADJACENT REGIONS

E1 Nino Modoki, similar to but different from canonical E1 Nino, has been observed since the late 1970s. In this paper, using HadlSST and NCEP/NCAR wind data, we analyze the relationship between E1 Nifio Modoki and Sea Surface Temperature （SST） in the offshore area of China and its adjacent waters for different seasons. Our results show a significant negative correlation between E1 Nifio Modoki in summer and SST in autumn in the offshore area of China and its adjacent waters, particularly for regions located in the east of the Kuroshio. It is also found that during E1 Nifio Modoki period, anomalous northerlies prevail over the regions from the northern part of the Philippines to the offshore area of China, indicating that the northerlies are unfavorable for the transport of warm water from the western tropical Pacific to the mid-latitude area. Consequently, E1 Nifio Modoki in summer may play a substantial role in cold SST anomalies in the offshore area of China and its adjacent waters in autumn through the influence of the Kuroshio, with a lagged response of the ocean to the atmospheric wind field.     

GPS时间序列中异常周期信号影响机制分析

采用功率谱分析和主成分分析的方法对GPS坐标时间序列的周期性变化进行了探讨,对IGS站的部分时段的观测资料进行了处理,分析了台站时间序列潜在的周期性质。证实了异常周期项（1．04cpy）的存在,对探测出的异常周期信号分别从构造信号、共模误差、地表质量负荷等影响因子展开讨论,分析其来源及影响机制。结果表明,上述影响因素未能对异常周期信号做出合理解释,该异常信号与GPS观测技术本身,即未模型化的GPS系统误差相关。对其影响因素做了初步探讨,为进一步建立相应的误差改正模型,增强GPS观测技术的稳健性提供了一些参考。     

改进的UKF在GPS/INS组合导航中的应用

在GPS/INS组合导航中,传统UKF(Unscented Kalman Filter)计算量大,无法满足实时性要求。而且当动力学模型受到异常扰动误差影响时,其精度与稳定性易受到影响。针对以上问题,利用最小偏度单形采样策略降低UKF计算量以提高精度;通过自适应调整过程噪声以降低动态异常扰动误差对UKF精度与稳定性的影响。由此提出了一种改进UKF算法,用于GPS/INS组合导航。仿真实验结果表明,改进UKF算法用于GPS/INS组合导航的精度要优于UKF算法。     

��ǰ�����TEC�쳣�Ŷ�ͳ�Ʒ���

????IGS????????TEC???????????????????????2007?????????Ms7.0??????????????????TEC??????о?????????????94%?????????????????????????????TEC???????????????и????????????????????????????????????????????????????????     

缅甸Ms7.2地震前电离层TEC的异常变化

基于IGS提供的电离层TEC资料和中国地壳运动观测网络提供的GPS资料解算的单站VTEC数据,采用滑动平均处理方法,对2011年3月24日缅甸7.2级地震震前的电离层TEC资料进行了处理和分析,结果表明：在震前6～8天,出现电离层TEC异常减小现象,震前3天出现电离层TEC异常增加现象,排除太阳活动和地磁扰动的影响后,3月16日、17日和18日出现的电离层TEC异常减小,特别是在18日出现的异常减小及呈现出的共轭结构,可能与缅甸7.2级地震有关。