导航地图数据的空间组织

车载导航系统中．导航地图的规划及其空间组织是实现导航的基础和前提。导航地图数据的空间组织影响甚至决定了导航软件运行的速度和效率。文中着重介绍了导航地图数据中，多图集地图在介质中的空间组织结构．并时非导航地图及目前主流导航地图的空间结构做了简单的介绍和对比。     

关于孔隙相互孤立饱和土体弹性模量的讨论

对孔隙相互孤立饱和土体的弹性力学模型的部分观点进行了讨论。按Carroll的力学响应理论重新推导了此类土体的弹性本构关系和体积模量表达式。认为在准静态(很低频率)的波动问题中孔隙流体与固体骨架的相对运动为零,土体渗透系数为零或流体粘性为无穷大的条件是等价的。在此条件下没有必要区分孔隙是否连通,它们遵循相同的规律,而且其土体弹性体积模量的结果与Biot-Geertsma理论的无排水准静态的弹性体积模量相同。     

深层碳酸盐岩岩溶风化壳溶洞型油气藏地震波场的理论研究

碳酸盐岩洞缝型油气藏是我国乃至世界的重要油气藏类型之一，属典型的复杂非均匀介质。其中，岩溶洞穴型油气藏是最容易发现的。为了解决这类储层的勘探开发及预测问题，需要从理论上对它们的地震波场进行研究。我们利用随机介质模型和非均匀介质弹性波动方程计算了不同高度和宽度的充满流体藏层的合成地震剖面。结果表明当绕射波偏移为珠子状的同相轴时即使远小于四分之一波长的溶洞在常规带宽的地震剖面上也是可分辨的，绕射波是溶洞高度和宽度的函数。我们引入一个宽度-振幅因子。可以用这个宽度-振幅因子从对无限宽溶洞计算的绕射波计算有限宽度的溶洞的绕射振幅。     

Transient mechanical wave propagation in semi-infinite porous media using a finite element approach

In this study, we propose a numerical investigation in the time domain of the mechanical wave propagation of an impulsional load on semi-infinite soil. The ground is modelled as a porous saturated viscoelastic medium involving complete Biot theory. All the couplings and a hysteretic Rayleigh damping are taken into consideration. An accurate and efficient finite element method using a matrix-free technique and an expert multigrid system are applied. Our results present the displacements of the fluid and solid particles over the surface and in depth. The arrival times of body and surface waves are studied. Particularly, the compressional wave of the second kind is highlighted. The influence of the different couplings and more specifically, the influence of the permeability on the response of the soil are analyzed.     

Converted-wave seismology in anisotropic media Revisited,Part II: Application to parameter estimation

In transversely isotropic media with a vertical symmetry axis (VTI), the converted-wave (C-wave) moveout over intermediate-to-far offsets is determined by four parameters. These are the C-wave stacking velocity V _C2, the vertical and effective velocity ratios γ ₀and γ _eff, and the anisotropic parameter X _eff. We refer to the four parameters as the C-wave stacking velocity model. The purpose of C-wave velocity analysis is to determine this stacking velocity model. The C-wave stacking velocity model V _C2, γ ₀, γ _geff, and X _eff can be determined from P- and C-wave reflection moveout data. However, error propagation is a severe problem in C-wave reflection-moveout inversion. The current short-spread stacking velocity as deduced from hyperbolic moveout does not provide sufficient accuracy to yield meaningful inverted values for the anisotropic parameters. The non-hyperbolic moveout over intermediate-offsets (x/z from 1.0 to 1.5) is no longer negligible and can be quantified using a background γ. Non-hyperbolic analysis with a γ correction over the intermediate offsets can yield V _C2 with errors less than 1% for noise free data. The procedure is very robust, allowing initial guesses of γ with up to 20% errors. It is also applicable for vertically inhomogeneous anisotropic media. This improved accuracy makes it possible to estimate anisotropic parameters using 4C seismic data. Two practical work flows are presented for this purpose: the double-scanning flow and the single-scanning flow. Applications to synthetic and real data show that the two flows yield results with similar accuracy but the single-scanning flow is more efficient than the double-scanning flow. This work is funded by the Edinburgh Anisotropy Project of the British Geological Survey. First Author Li Xiangyang, he is currently a professorial research seismologist (Grade 6) and technical director of the Edinburgh Anisotropy Project in the British Geological Survey. He also holds a honorary professorship multicomponent seismology at the School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh. He received his BSc(1982) in Geophysics from Changchun Geological Institute, China, an MSc (1984) in applied geophysics from East China Petroleum Institute (now known as the China University of Petroleum), and a PhD (1992) in seismology from the University of Edinburgh. During 1984–1987, he worked as a lecturer with the East China Petroleum Institute. Since 1991, he has been employed by the British Geological Survey. His research interests include seismic anisotropy and multicomponent seismology.     

利用声波阻抗信息识别裂隙流体异常

基于岩石物理学和利用声波阻抗信息识别流体异常的新方法，结合理论模型和实际资料，对砂岩和碳酸盐岩中流体饱和EDA介质进行了等效的流体分析。这里首先提出了一种计算EDA介质等效波速的几何平均法。在此基础上研究了不同状况下EDA介质的几种流体属性的敏感性，并将结果与实际资料进行了比较，发现二有较好的一致性。这既证明了几何平均法的可行性，也证明了EDA介质在流体识别方面的可拓展性。对EDA介质的最终分析结果表明，合理的流体属性地提取，要考虑各种因素特别是信噪比的影响，同时裂隙密度在很大程度上决定了流体属性的敏感度。     

松散体边坡灾害自组织临界性及工程应用研究

我国的松散体边坡灾害频繁。为了解松散体边坡灾害的共性，从整体上认识其规律性信息，文章采用多种形式的非均匀沙堆作为松散体边坡灾害的概化模型，通过多组实验研究其演化行为规律。自组织临界性是解释具有无序的、非线性复杂系统行为特征的理论之一，分形和闪烁噪声是其空间与时间结构的特征。实验发现几种概化模型表现出自组织临界性。分析滑坡、崩塌及泥石流等松散体边坡灾害实例，也发现其呈现自组织临界性特征。研究表明幂律特征及自组织临界性是许多松散体边坡灾害的共性。进一步模拟真实的松散体边坡的组成特征和某些防治工程措施，进行对比实验，表明不同工程措施的防治作用。最后结合挡、锚、喷、排等工程防治措施，探讨了自组织临界理论对松散体边坡灾害防治的指导作用。