波形相关意义“重复地震”研究综述

波形相关意义的“重复地震”在自然界中普遍存在,其数量远远超过我们的预期。近年来由于数字地震观测技术的普及和发展,有关“重复地震”的研究引起越来越多的关注,目前“重复地震”研究已被广泛应用于检测地壳介质性质变化、评估地震台网的定位精度、估计地震“复发”的概率和断层深部滑动速率的估算方面的估计;在提高定位和震相识别精度、断层结构、震源物理及地震预测研究等方面也都显示出值得关注的应用潜力。本文对有关“重复地震”的最新研究及应用成果进行了总结和归纳。     

Measurement of fluid flow in pipe and porous media by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging

The objective of this study is to understand the process of fluid flow in pipe and porous media with different pore structures.High-resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)technique was used to visualize the pore structure and measure fluid flow.The porous media was formed by packed bed of glass beads.Flow measurement was carried out by a modified spin echo sequence.The results show that the velocity distribution in pipe is annular and the linear relation between MRI velocity and actual velocity is found in pipe flow measurement.The flow distribution in porous media is rather heterogeneous,and it is consistent with heterogeneous pore structure.The flow through pores with the high volume flow rate is determined largely by geometrical effects such as pore size and cross-sectional area.     

基于中心节点模式的远程传版系统设计

在互联网应用高度发达的背景下,印刷出版领域的新型应用也逐渐发展,以致于印刷出版领域现有的信息处理技术逐渐不能适应新的应用模式需求,“点对点”传版模式对就近异地印刷、按需印刷就无法提供技术支撑.通过介绍印刷出版行业中现有的远程传版应用方式以及其存在的问题,提出了基于互联网、中心节点平台以及喷墨印刷的远程传版应用模式,并设计出相应的远程传版系统.该模式的应用不仅能够很好地为按需印刷应用模式提供技术基础,而且能够为出版内容的集中、安全监管提供技术平台.     

非零偏VSP弹性波叠前逆时深度偏移技术探讨

非零偏VSP地震资料是一种多分量资料,处理非零偏VSP资料,弹性波叠前逆时深度偏移技术无疑是最适合的处理技术.本文从二维各向同性介质的弹性波波动方程出发,研究了对非零偏VSP资料进行叠前逆时深度偏移的偏移算法,讨论了逆时传播过程中的边值问题和数值频散问题及其相应的解决方案;采用求解程函方程计算得到地下各点的地震波初至时间作为成像时间,实现了非零偏VSP资料的叠前逆时深度偏移.最后进行了模型试算和非零偏VSP地震资料的试处理,结果表明该方法不受地层倾角限制,较适用于高陡构造地区或介质横向速度变化较大地区的非零偏VSP地震资料处理.     

水平层状非均质横向同性地层中阵列多分量感应测井响应的快速计算

应用模式匹配算法研究建立水平层状非均质横向同性地层中多分量感应测井响应的快速算法.首先,利用Fourier级数展开法将多分量感应响应的数值模拟转化为三个轴对称问题,并利用电阻率径向导数的奇异表达式,引入两个附加奇异微分算子,用于描述柱状分界面上的积累面电荷对共面线圈系电磁响应的影响.然后通过模式匹配算法求解轴对称问题,得到水平层状非均质横向同性地层中多分量感应磁场的半解析解以及测井响应计算方法,最后通过数值模拟结果对该算法进行检验并进一步考察阵列多分量感应仪器的响应特征.     

岩溶含水介质充填水和泥识别的地球物理勘查技术探讨

岩溶含水介质中充填物性质(水或泥)的正确识别是目前制约岩溶水有效勘查与开发利用的主要“瓶颈”之一。充填物为泥或水时,均反映为低电阻率特性,无法区分充填物到底是水还是泥,从而往往造成打井的失败。作者在近几年岩溶区地下水地球物理勘查工作初步发现,利用水和泥的极化差异识别含水介质充填物性质具有较大的可行性。本文分别讨论了具有与水和泥极化特性相关的核磁共振找水法、激发极化法、频谱激电法三种物探方法识别含水介质充填水或泥的基本原理、野外试验效果。当岩溶含水介质充填水时,核磁共振找水法就会有核磁共振(NMR)信号反映,激发极化法中的极化率参数、频谱激电法中的时间常数均具有高值特征;当岩溶含水介质充填泥时,NMR信号无反应,激发极化法中的极化率参数、频谱激电法中的时间常数均具有低值特征。上述结论经几个不同类型的含水介质实例得到验证,效果明显。      

石油二次运移优势路径形成过程实验及机理分析

利用填装玻璃微珠的玻璃管模型,观察静水条件下油在饱含水孔隙介质中靠浮力形成优势运移路径,以及随后沿已形成的路径运移的过程。实验发现,运移的形成过程、路径的形态以及油在已形成的路径内的运移均表现出强烈的非均一性;前缘跳跃、分段运移等现象揭示了运移过程的复杂性。运移路径一旦形成,直到运移结束,其形态和空间展布特征基本一致;再次注入的油仍基本沿原来的路径运移。连续油柱的浮力及该连续油柱所接触到的孔道的毛细管力之间的复杂关系决定了油气非均匀运移路径的形成过程及其形态特征。     

Survival of an invasive aquatic snail to overland translocation in non-aquatic media: Implications for spreading

Invasive species are a threat to aquatic ecosystems worldwide. Aquatic snails have a limited ability for an active dispersal. Therefore, their ability to survive to transport in non-aquatic media may help explain their spread across unconnected habitats. We assessed the ability of New Zealand Mud Snail (NZMS) (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) to survive attached to different materials. Two studies were conducted: (1) a laboratory study to assess the tolerance of a laboratory population of NZMS to non-aquatic media attaching snails to leaf litter, sediment and clay and (2) a field-laboratory study to assess the survival of an invasive field population after being left imbedded in clay in the laboratory and subsequently transferred to a new river reach. All laboratory animals died after 3 days in leaf litter, while in the case of sediment and clay all snails died after 5 days. After being imbedded in clay and subsequently transferred to the river, the survival of the field population was lower than that of the laboratory populations. We conclude that NZMS can be dispersed by mechanisms which imply spending some time in non-aquatic media, and that this species has a relatively high tolerance to translocation between reaches with contrasting environmental properties.     

大兴安岭中北段森林沼泽丘陵景观区的1∶5万化探方法技术研究

在森林沼泽水系较不发育区开展土壤测量时,部分区段存在厚度为1~3 m的黏土层,采样困难,大家选用采样介质不一。通过对比研究残积土、腐殖土、黏土的粒级分布特征、元素分布特征及同点采集的样品元素含量的对比研究,认为在大兴安岭中北段森林沼泽丘陵景观区开展1∶5万化探时采用的方法为:采样介质为残坡积土;采样粒级为-10~+60目;采样密度为9点/km²;野外样品加工方法为水筛。     

Mathematical modeling of colloid and virus cotransport in porous media: Application to experimental data

A conceptual mathematical model was developed to describe the simultaneous transport (cotransport) of viruses and colloids in three-dimensional, water saturated, homogeneous porous media with uniform flow. The model accounts for the migration of individual virus and colloid particles as well as viruses attached onto colloids. Viruses can be suspended in the aqueous phase, attached onto suspended colloids and the solid matrix, and attached onto colloids previously attached on the solid matrix. Colloids can be suspended in the aqueous phase or attached on the solid matrix. Viruses in all four phases (suspended in the aqueous phase, attached onto suspended colloid particles, attached on the solid matrix, and attached onto colloids previously attached on the solid matrix) may undergo inactivation with different inactivation coefficients. The governing coupled partial differential equations were solved numerically using finite difference methods, which were implemented explicitly or implicitly so that both stability and speed factors were satisfied. Furthermore, the experimental data collected by Syngouna and Chrysikopoulos [1] were satisfactorily fitted by the newly developed cotransport model.