Community Recovery Following the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: Toward a Theory of Cultural Resilience

Culture plays an important role in communities’ abilities to adapt to environmental change and crises. The emerging field of resilience thinking has made several efforts to better integrate social and cultural factors into the systems-level approach to understanding social–ecological resilience. However, attempts to integrate culture into structural models often fail to account for the agentic processes that influence recovery at the individual and community levels, overshadowing the potential for agency and variation in community response. Using empirical data on the 2010 BP oil spill’s impact on a small, natural-resource-dependent community, we propose an alternative approach emphasizing culture’s ability to operate as a resource that contributes to social, or community, resilience. We refer to this more explicit articulation of culture’s role in resilience as cultural resilience. Our findings reveal that not all cultural resources that define resilience in reference to certain disasters provided successful mitigation, adaptation, or recovery from the BP spill.     

基于VEP实验法的江南水乡古镇游客感知意象研究——以上海枫泾古镇为例

江南水乡古镇已成为城市居民和游客回归自然、追忆乡愁的休闲旅游新标的。为获取游客对此类旅游目的地客观、真实的感知,避免游客自述性反馈的主观干扰,广泛借助格式塔心理学、凝视理论、符号学等相关理论,采用游客受雇拍摄法——邀请游客在游历过程中拍摄一系列照片,通过对照片编码和拍摄点的分析,解构游客凝视的元素、结构和空间流动,归纳游客对江南水乡古镇的感知意象特征。结果表明,游客对江南水乡古镇的感知意象呈现具有原真属性、创意属性以及功能属性的三维耦合结构。其中,最具传统江南文化表征的原真属性占据感知意象的主导,代表新式文化与传统文化融合的创意属性具有提升和开发的潜力,而带有旅游功能属性的感知意象相对最弱。从空间角度看,随着旅游活动的不断展开与深入,游客感知意象流动易在古镇入口、特色通道与景观带、园林标志物处高度聚焦、聚集。     

黄河GPS站噪声模型初探及稳定性分析

北极黄河科学考察站的GPS站位于挪威斯瓦尔巴群岛,该站对于我国在北极测绘领域的研究具有重要作用。由于极区条件的限制,该站建立在冻土之上,因此需要对其稳定性进行深入研究。本文在利用GAMIT/GLOBK软件处理黄河站及周边IGS站观测数据的基础上,估计了不同噪声模型下的噪声量级、站坐标序列参数和不确定度,分析了黄河GPS观测站与IGS站运动趋势之间的关联性。结果表明,黄河站及周边GPS时间序列不仅存在白噪声,还存在较大量级的闪烁噪声,个别站的一些分量还存在随机游走噪声,仅考虑白噪声会低估总噪声和参数不确定度;黄河GPS站与邻近的NYAL站相比,两者的水平和垂直运动趋势完全一致,仅在垂直方向上有2.15 mm·a~(–1)的差异。     

皖南国际文化旅游示范区文化资源丰度评价

以皖南国际文化旅游示范区为研究对象,从文化与旅游融合发展的视角,通过构建区域文化资源丰度评价指标体系,对示范区各地市文化资源丰度进行测度,得出如下结论：皖南国际文化旅游示范区中黄山、安庆、宣城、池州4市的文化资源赋存丰度为优级;马鞍山、芜湖市为良好;铜陵市为差级,优级区主要集中在南部和东西部,南北差异明显。从文化资源组合状况来看,黄山市文化资源组合状况最好,品牌资源众多,开发潜力巨大;其次是宣城、安庆和池州3市,资源类型齐全,组合状态较好;马鞍山、铜陵和芜湖3市较差,类型相对单一,开发难度较大。建议政府部门及旅游业界据此结果,科学评估文化资源的价值和开发方向,探索旅游开发的有效模式,推动文化与旅游融合发展,实现示范区优秀文化传承与创新。     

宁芜火山岩的地球化学特征及其意义

宁芜早白垩世火山岩由中基性成分组成，与碱性玄武岩比较，火山岩贫Ti,Fe，富K和LREE，Na2O/K2O近似等于1，在SiO2-K2O图中龙王山组的全部和大王山组的大部落入橄榄玄粗岩区域，属于橄榄玄粗岩系列，为富集LILE和水的地幔部分熔融的产物。宁芜火山岩产于板内环境，富钾质岩浆的形成可能与软流圈地幔上涌和岩石圈的伸展－减薄或裂谷作用有关。宁芜火山岩富集大离子亲石元素，亏损高场强元素，Ti,Nb(Ta)具负异常。宁芜火山岩底部的龙王山组和主体大王山组具有不同的地球化学特征：与大王山组相比，前者更富Rb,Ba,K，而相对贫LREE（La,Ce,Nd),Eu,Sr,Isr较高，εNd(t)较低。由于龙王山组层位低，大王山组层位高，不可能解释为分离结晶作用的结果，而只能说明在火山岩喷发的早期阶段（龙王山组），岩浆穿过陆壳上升过程中与围岩发生过混染作用，从围岩中带入较多的K、Rb,Ba等大离子亲石元素，从而使得Isr较高和εNd(t)较低。龙王山组SiO2-K2O不具相关性也说明陆壳混染的影响。至宁芜火山岩喷发的极盛时期（大王山组），岩浆与围岩的混染程度降低，Isr和Nd(t)值更接近岩浆的初始组成。据了解，在长江中下游地区有许多晚中生代的埃达克质岩出露，埃达克质岩来自加厚的陆壳底部，需要很高的温度才能使下地壳基性岩发生部分熔融。宁芜一带火山岩的大规模喷出，表明在早白垩世初期该区地幔处于十分活跃的状态，可能有大量橄榄玄粗质岩浆底侵到下地壳底部，烘烤下地壳使之熔融形成埃达克质熔浆。     

恒山太和岭口新断裂的地质特征

滹沱河上游，代县太和岭口村附近发现新构造中，主干断裂发育在基岩山岭本与第四系之间，断面倾角较缓且略呈上陡下缓趋势。正断层的下降盘出现反向牵引的背斜和反向正断层，它不着断层水平位移量与速率同于垂向的位移量与速率。因而具有裂谷拉张过程中 镜头主低角度正断层的特点。     

秦岭地区金矿成矿研讨

秦岭是著名的“中金带”，隶属古亚洲断裂体系，区内断裂构造发育，岩浆活动频繁，变质作用强烈，金的成矿类型繁多，历经勘查，综合性金属矿山相继问世。经系统研究，根据成矿规律进行了多矿种金的成矿预测。     

吉林中部呼兰群泥质岩递进变质带特征及其地质意义

下古生界呼兰群变质岩系位於吉林褶皱带南端,其中泥质岩变质片岩段具有明显的递进变质作用,并可划分为:铁铝石榴石带、十字石带、蓝晶石带、硅线石带四个矿物带,呈中压中温巴洛式变质带特征。本文对该变质带矿物组合、原岩建造、变质作用演化、成因机理及其地质意义进行了探讨。     

广东省铁矿成矿规律研究

成矿规律研究是矿产勘查、潜力评价等工作的基础，是研编《中国矿产地质志》的指导思想.参照《中国矿产地质志》技术要求，总结了广东省铁矿时间分布规律、8种类型铁矿床的区域成矿规律，筛选铁矿田12个、成矿系列9个、成矿亚系列11个，并归纳了铁矿床的成矿规律.     

Application of the Fourier method to the numerical solution of moving boundary problem in heat conduction

An algorithm for the solution of a nonlinear problem of phase boundary movement and evolution of temperature distribution due to the perturbation in the basal heat flux has been discussed. The reduction of the problem to a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations with the help of a Fourier series method leads to a stiff system. This stiffness is taken care of by the use of a modified Euler’s method. Various cases of basal heat flow variation have been considered to show the performance and stability of the technique for such a nonlinear system. The first case of step-wise function is taken to analyse the performance of the technique, and the study has been extended to other general cases of linear increase, periodic variation, and box and triangular function type variations in the heat flux. In the step-wise case the phase boundary attains a constant position rapidly if the supplied heat flux is sufficiently large. The effect of periodicity in the heat flow is clearly depicted in the phase boundary movement, where the phase boundary oscillates about the mean position at large times. The absence of any constant level in the case of linear increase in heat flux is due to a very large value of heat flux. In the cases of box car and triangular heat flux the boundary starts moving downward after the cessation of excess heat flux but does not immediately return to its original preperturbation state, instead approaches it at large times. This technique may be applied to more general cases of heat flow variation.