Experimental Study on Vortex-Induced Vibrations of Submarine Pipeline near Seabed Boundary in Ocean Currents

1 .IntroductionThe submarine pipeline is a commonfacility widely usedfor offshore oil and gastransport . Whena pipeline is installed on a seabed and not buried,unsupportedspans may exist insomelocations ,es-peciallyinthe uneven zones of the seabed.The spa…     

宁夏鸳鸯湖电厂空冷气象条件分析

通过在宁夏鸳鸯湖电厂建立气温、风向、风速60 m梯度及地面观测站,与邻近的灵武市气象站展开为期一年的同步观测,获得实地观测资料。利用两地同步气象观测资料进行对比分析,揭示出电厂所在地气候特点。同时结合灵武市气象站1971~2000年观测资料,采用相关性分析方法,订正得到电厂地面历年气象要素特征值。结果表明,电厂风向和风速特征明显有别于邻近的灵武市气象站。分析结果主要用于该地火电厂空冷系统的安装与安全运行。     

无填充墙基础隔震RC框架在环境激励下的动力特性

对一基础隔震钢筋混凝土框架结构在无填充墙情况下进行了环境激励下的动力测试,重点利用Hilbert-Huang变换与随机减量技术相结合的方法识别了其模态参数,并与随机子空间识别法、有理分式多项式法识别的结果进行了对比。识别结果表明在环境激励下,基础隔震结构的基本周期远小于多遇和罕遇地震工况下设计计算的基本周期;等效黏滞阻尼比很小,近乎于基础固定模型。对隔震层阻尼特性的分析表明,环境激励下可以将基础隔震结构视为经典的比例阻尼系统。进一步以识别的模态参数为基准,采用优化的方法数值反演了环境激励下该结构隔震层的实际水平等效刚度,结果表明其值为多遇地震下计算刚度取值的10.75倍。     

福建春季西南急流暖湿强迫背景下的强对流天气流型配置及环境条件分析

根据2002—2013年福建26次春季强对流天气过程中12例由西南急流暖湿强迫产生的强对流天气的高低空环流配置,利用常规高空、地面观测资料以及NCEP再分析资料,运用中尺度对流天气的天气图分析技术建立福建春季西南风低空急流暖湿强迫背景下的强对流天气流型的识别方法,并统计静力稳定度、水汽、抬升和垂直风切变条件及相应物理量要素,初步揭示了福建省春季西南急流暖湿强迫背景下的强对流天气过程的特征和规律。此类强对流天气是由对流层中、高层干冷空气位于低层强烈发展的暖湿平流之上形成显著条件不稳定层结,逆温、干暖盖、中低层有利的水汽条件,上干下湿的温湿廓线以及低空辐合、高空辐散为强对流天气的发生提供了有利的环境条件,强对流天气系统由地面的锋面、辐合线、热低压、925 hPa辐合线以及西南急流脉动等中尺度天气系统触发,对流生成后在西南风急流引导下移入有利于对流发展的不稳定区域使得对流持续发展,强垂直风切变配合较大的对流有效位能有利于对流风暴持续发展。     

Effect of hot dry summer tropical climate on forage intake and milk yield in Holstein–Friesian and indigenous zebu cows in Sudan

The effects of dry summer ambient temperature on some physiological and productive responses were studied in an exotic European breed (Holstein–Friesian) and a local zebu breed (Butana ecotype) of cattle in Sudan. Rectal temperature and respiration rate were positively correlated, and dry matter intake and milk yield were negatively correlated with variation in ambient temperature. However, significant adverse effects on high ambient temperature were only observed in the exotic breed.     

Measurement of gaseous HNO3 over the Atlantic Ocean

A latitudinal profile (30° W, from 30° N to 30° S) of mixing ratios of nitric acid and particulate nitrate was determined on the Atlantic Ocean during the Polarstern cruise ANT VII/1 from Bremerhaven, Germany, to Rio Grande, Brazil. The detection of HNO₃ was performed simultaneously by laser-photolysis fragment-fluorescence (LPFF) and by nylon filter packs. The detection limit was about 30 pptv for a signal accumulation time of 1 h for LPFF and about 5 pptv for the filters at a collection time of 4 h. In general, the mixing ratios of HNO₃ in the Northern Hemisphere were found to be significantly higher than those in the Southern Hemisphere. The Atlantic background concentrations frequently varied between 80 pptv and the detection limit. Larger deviations from this trend were found for the more northern latitudes and for episodes like crossings of exhaust plumes from ships or from continental pollutions sources.     

2014年冬季热带西太平洋雅浦Y3海山浮游植物叶绿素a浓度及粒级结构

2014年冬季对西太平洋雅浦区Y3海山及其邻近大洋海域不同粒径浮游植物叶绿素a浓度进行了现场观测,同时结合温度、盐度、营养盐数据,分析了Y3海山区总叶绿素a浓度分布情况,不同粒级浮游植物对总叶绿素a浓度的贡献率及其与环境因子的关系,并与热带西太平洋大洋区(DY断面)进行了比较。结果表明:Y3海山A、B断面与DY断面水体平均叶绿素a浓度相差不大,分别为0.057、0.054和0.051mg/m3,A、B和DY三个断面各水层(0、30、75、100、150和200m)叶绿素a浓度变化范围分别为0.009—0.205、0.005—0.236和0.007—0.229mg/m3。不同粒级浮游植物的叶绿素a占总叶绿素a的比例从大到小依次为微微型浮游植物、微型浮游植物和小型浮游植物,三者在各断面的比例分别为A断面:59.97%,25.39%,14.64%;B断面:50.87%,30.70%,18.43%;DY断面:55.87%,29.87%,14.26%。微微型浮游植物在整个调查区域为优势类群,在A、B和DY三个断面的平均浓度分别为0.025、0.026和0.029mg/m3。各站位均有次表层叶绿素a浓度最高值现象,其中Y3海山区西南部和东南部为叶绿素a浓度高值区。洋流、温度和营养盐均对叶绿素a浓度分布有一定的影响。本研究发现海山经典假说不适用于2014年冬季的Y3海山区。     

Free vibrations of three-dimensional extensible marine cables with specified top tension via a variational method

This paper presents a model formulation that can be used for analyzing the three-dimensional vibration behaviours of an inclined extensible marine cable. The virtual work-energy functional, which involves strain energy due to axial stretching of the cable and virtual work done by external hydrostatic forces is formulated. The coupled equations of motion in the Cartesian coordinates of global systems are obtained by taking into account the difference between Euler’s equations and equilibrium equations. The method of Galerkin finite element is used to obtain the mass and stiffness matrices which are transformed into the local coordinate systems. Then the eigenvalue problem is solved to determine its natural frequencies and corresponding mode shapes. The model formulation developed herein is conveniently applied for the cases of specified top tension. The numerical investigations are carried out to demonstrate the validity of the model and to explore in details the influence of various parameters on the behaviours of marine cables. Results for the frequency avoidance phenomenon, maximum dynamic tension and coupled transverse mode shapes are presented and discussed.     

Effect of fluid column dynamics on longitudinal vibrations of an ultra deepwater riser covered by an orifice plug

The paper studies longitudinal vibrations of an ultra-deepwater drilling riser whose bottom end is disconnected from the sea floor and covered by a plug (a blind one or the one with a hole). An elastic shell is used as a model of a riser pipe. The fluid column motion in the riser is described by the Navier–Stokes equation for a compressible fluid. Losses of fluid pressure during its flowing through a hole in the plug are taken into account. Solution of the riser equations is carried out in the frequency domain. Analysis of the effect which the riser length, wave period and height, and the plug-hole diameter on the amplitude of the riser's tension vibrations is conducted. A riser manufactured of strong aluminium alloys, some of prospective materials for ultra deepwater drilling, was considered as a prototype. It has been shown that risers 2000–4000 m long, plug-hole, and a riser 6000 m long with plug-hole of 0.087 m in diameter can withstand wave height of >15 m throughout the frequency range.     

On the response of a free span pipeline subjected to ocean currents

A mechanistic study is performed to examine the coupling between the in-line and the cross-flow motion of a cylindrical structure subjected to current forces. The structure represents a free span pipeline but concerns marine risers as well.A time domain model is formulated in which the in-line and cross-flow deflections are coupled through the axial tension which in turn is computed from the pipeline prolongation at any time. This formulation introduces time dependent tensions and non-linearity into the problem.Preliminary validation of the model simulations vs. physical test data are carried out for one specific case to ensure that the sag and the in-line deflection are correctly resolved by the model. Using this as the initial condition a series of calculations are carried out to examine cross-flow induced deflections induced by an in-line prescribed deflection and vice versa. Finally, an idealistic simulation of flow induced vibration is presented.The model simulations demonstrate that the coupling varies with the mode shape and with which component it is initially introduced into. However, it is evident that the coupling effects may be significant and not negligible.