辽河太子河流域藻类植物群落结构及其季节变化

2010年9月到2011年9月分4次对太子河流域的藻类植物群落组成、丰度及优势种进行调查分析.共设置17个采样点,经鉴定共有藻类植物8门120属328种(包括21种变种).藻类植物群落以硅藻最多,有36属144种,占总体的43.77%;其次是绿藻,有49属117种,占总体的35.56%;蓝藻居第3位,有22属38种,占总体的11.85%.调查期间,太子河流域藻类植物细胞丰度在夏、秋季较高,丰度平均值分别为6.80×10⁷和3.29×10⁷cells/L;在春季较低,丰度平均值为1.36×10⁷cells/L.优势度分析显示,太子河流域各季节的藻类植物优势种都在5种以上,主要优势种有巨颤藻(Oscillatoria princeps Vauch.)、链丝藻(Hormidium flaccidum(Kütz.)Br.)、偏生毛枝藻(Stigeoclonium subsecundum(Kütz.)Haz.)等.藻类植物的Jaccard种类相似性指数在0.19~0.46之间.太子河流域藻类植物种类组成及细胞丰度均有明显的季节变化.     

沉水植物附植生物群落生态学研究进展

在高等水生植物表面经常附着生长着藻类、真菌和细菌等,这些有机群体组成附植生物群落,在大中型浅水湖泊中普遍存在.附植生物群落具有特定的物种组成和空间结构,并随季节推移和沉水植物生长表现出一定的动态变化特征.附植生物群落与宿主植物及周围水体环境联系密切,不仅能够表征水体营养盐、光照、温度等环境因子特征,与沉水植物、食草动物、浮游植物等水生生物类群也存在不同的相互作用.水生生态系统中,附植生物群落参与水体营养物质转化,在草-藻型湖泊生态系统的相互转化过程中起重要作用;其较高的初级生产力作为水生动物重要的食物来源,增加了食物网的多样性;同时,附植生物群落因其独特的生理生态特征正逐渐被应用于水质净化和水环境质量监测.本文在综述近年来附植生物群落研究进展的基础上,分析了附植生物群落的组成结构和动态变化特征,阐述了附植生物群落在水生生态系统中的功能,可为湖泊富营养化治理,尤其是沉水植被的生态修复和管理提供科学依据.     

几种海藻富集N,P净化水质的研究

选用几种在富营养化养殖废水中生长的大型海藻优势种：日本多管藻(Polysiphonia japonica)、孔石莼(Ulva pertusa)、簇生刚毛藻(Cladophora fasciculatus)和褶曲刚毛藻(Cladophora flexusa),植于富营养化的地下海水中,研究其对水体中N,P等营养物质的净化效果。实验结果表明,褶曲刚毛藻对水体中的N,P有很强的吸收和转化能力,从而可快速净化富营养水体中的N,P。地下海水植入褶曲刚毛藻9h后,NO2^--N,NH4^ -N,NO3^-N和PO4^3--P的质量浓度分别降为0．0045,0．0545,0．0048,0．0116mg／L,降除率达到93％,90％,92％,75％。     

三叉仙菜中4种化学成分的分离鉴定

为了进一步提取三叉仙菜(Ceramium rubrum)生物活性成分的化学物质,对其进行了较为系统的化学成分研究。从三叉仙菜的乙醇提取物中,运用硅胶柱色谱和SephadexLH20凝胶柱色谱层析分离得到4个化合物,经1H NMR,13C NMR和MS波谱分析,确定其结构分别为(1)3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-hexadec-2-en-1-ol;(2)cholest-5-en-3-βol;(3)3-palmitoyloxy-propane-1,2-diol;(4)adenosine,这4个化合物均为首次从该科植物中分离得到。     

The research on the adsorption effect on metal ions by immobilized marine algae

1 IntroductionBiosorption is a processthatutilizes biomasstoabsorb heavy metalsand isparticularly usefulfortheremoval of contam inants from industrial effluents.Inartificialorganism scannotbe used in practicalpro-ductionbecauseoftheirlow density,low inten…     

Characteristics of major and trace elements in surface sediments of the Makran Accretionary Prism,Pakistan and their implications for natural gas hydrates

To accurately identify the natural gas hydrates (NGH) in the sea area of the Makran Accretionary Prism, Pakistan, this paper presents the testing and analysis of major and trace elements in sediment samples taken from two stations (S₂ and S₃) in the area by the China Geological Survey. As shown by testing results, all major elements are slightly different in content between the two stations except SiO₂ and CaO. This also applies to the trace elements that include Sr and Ba primarily and Cr, Ni and Zn secondarily. It can be concluded in this study that the tectonic setting of the Makran Accretionary Prism is dominated by oceanic island arc and that provenance of the Makran Accretionary Prism is dominated by felsic igneous provenance, which is at the initial weathering stage and mainly consists of granodiorite. Besides terrigenous detritus, there are sediments possibly originating from Makran-Bela Ophiolite from the northwestern part and Murray Ridge igneous rocks from the southeastern part. The V/Cr, Ni/Co, and V/(V+Ni) ratios indicate that sediments of the two stations are in an oxidation-suboxidation environment. However, the authors infer that the sedimentary environment of the sediments 3.0 m below the seafloor tends to be gradually transformed into a reduction environment by comparison with the Qiongdongnan Basin in the South China Sea where NGH has been discovered. The sediments in the Makran Accretionary Prism are rich in organic matter, with total organic carbon (TOC) content greater than 1%. According to comprehensive research, the organic matter in the sediments mainly originates from marine algae and has high TOC content, which is favorable for the formation of NGH.     

南海深海柱状样沉积孢粉藻类组合及其古气候与古环境

对南海149站和323站深海柱状剖面进行了孢粉与藻类研究,根据孢粉成分的变化将南海149站从下至上划分了4个孢粉组合带,依次为:1带:Pinus-Quercus(常绿)-Umbellferae-Gramineae-Pteris孢粉带(407～270cm);2带:Dacrydium-Quercus-Cyathea-Pinus-Polypodiaceae孢粉带(270～105cm);3带:Pinus-Polypodiaceae-Quercus(常绿)-Pteridium孢粉带(105～30cm);4带:Gleditsia-Cyathea-Pinus-Polypodiaceae孢粉带(30～0cm)。323站也划分了4个孢粉带,与149站进行了比较研究。并相应恢复了南海东部7.5万年以来4个植被、气候、古环境演替阶段,结合氧同位素测年资料,对149站和323站柱状地层时代划分作了讨论,为南海古植被、古气候、古环境演变研究提供科学依据。     

两种造礁石珊瑚共生藻分子系统分类及其对水温升高的响应研究

珊瑚白化是导致全球珊瑚礁生态系统衰退的最重要原因之一,野外观察结果表明不同种属的造礁石珊瑚对于海水温度升高的耐受性有所差异.选取多孔鹿角珊瑚(Acropora millepora)和丛生盔形珊瑚(Galaxea fascicularis)为研究对象,比较其共生藻在温度升高时的光生理差异.对多孔鹿角珊瑚和丛生盔形珊瑚共生藻的分子系统学研究结果表明:多孔鹿角珊瑚和丛生盔形珊瑚的共生藻属于不同系群,丛生盔形珊瑚共生藻属于D系群,而多孔鹿角珊瑚共生藻属于C1亚系群.当温度升高到30℃时并未对两种造礁石珊瑚共生藻光合系统Ⅱ造成损害,而当温度升高到34℃时两种造礁石珊瑚共生藻的F_v/F_m值急剧下降,其光合系统Ⅱ遭受损害.多孔鹿角珊瑚和丛生盔形珊瑚分别与不同系群的共生藻共生可能是导致其对海水温度升高耐受性不同的主要原因,与C1亚系群共生藻共生的多孔鹿角珊瑚对水温升高敏感,容易白化,而与D系群共生藻共生的丛生盔形珊瑚对水温升高的耐受性强,不易白化.     

Alterations in seawater pH and CO2 affect calcification and photosynthesis in the tropical coralline alga, Hydrolithon sp. (Rhodophyta)

Calcification in the marine environment is the basis for the accretion of carbonate in structures such as coral reefs, algal ridges and carbonate sands. Among the organisms responsible for such calcification are the Corallinaceae (Rhodophyta), recognised as major contributors to the process world-wide. Hydrolithon sp. is a coralline alga that often forms rhodoliths in the Western Indian Ocean. In Zanzibar, it is commonly found in shallow lagoons, where it often grows within seagrass beds and/or surrounded by green algae such as Ulva sp. Since seagrasses in Zanzibar have recently been shown to raise the pH of the surrounding seawater during the day, and since calcification rates are sensitive to pH, which changes the saturation state of calcium carbonate, we measured the effects of pH on photosynthetic and calcification rates of this alga. It was found that pH had significant effects on both calcification and photosynthesis. While increased pH enhanced calcification rates both in the light and in the dark at pH >8.6, photosynthetic rates decreased. On the other hand, an increase in dissolved CO₂ concentration to 26 μmol kg⁻¹ (by bubbling with air containing 0.9 mbar CO₂) caused a decrease in seawater pH which resulted in 20% less calcification after 5 days of exposure, while enhancing photosynthetic rates by 13%. The ecological implications of these findings is that photosynthetically driven changes in water chemistry by surrounding plants can affect calcification rates of coralline algae, as may future ocean acidification resulting from elevated atmospheric CO₂.     

Intraspecific diet shift in Talitrus saltator inhabiting exposed sandy beaches

Talitrid amphipods are the most abundant herbivores on exposed sandy beaches. Despite their important role as trophic intermediates between macrophytes and higher levels (i.e. insect and bird) of beach food webs, very little information is available on their feeding patterns. The main aim of this study was to investigate intraspecific differences in the feeding behaviour of Talitrus saltator. We tested the hypotheses that: (1) adult females and males showed different isotope signatures and therefore relied on different sources of food; and (2) patterns of variation of isotope signatures of juveniles differed from those of adult specimens, evidencing a diet shift during the development. We used stable isotope signatures and tested for differences upon the level on the shore, times of the year and beaches experiencing similar morpho-dynamic and environmental conditions. Finally, we investigated the trophic significance of macrophyte detritus in the diet of males, females and juveniles. Results showed that adult males had a more variable diet than females and juveniles (inferred from δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values). Dual-isotope graphs suggested that Sargassum muticum and Cystoseira baccata wrack could be among the main food sources for both juvenile and adult stage.