Lower Kungurian shallow-water lagoon biota of Middle Cis-Urals,Russia:towards paleoecological reconstruction

The paper deals with the Lower Kungurian( Philippovian Horizon; Lower Permian) biota of the Middle Cis-Urals,Russia.The biota is characterized on the basis of four representative localities( Philippovskoe Bus-stop,Philippovskian Quarry,Kamai and Kiselevo-Suksun Highway),which are situated in the stratotype area of the Kungurian stage.All the localities can be regarded as Lagersttten,but of authentically low biodiversity,since they represent oligotrophic lagoons of abnormal fluctuating salinity.General reconstruction of the Philippovian near-shore shallow-water ecosystem is given.Two new species of algae Algites philippoviensis sp.nov.,A.shurtanensis sp.nov.,and a new species of the limulids Paleolimulus kunguricus sp.nov.are described for the first time.     

几种海藻富集N,P净化水质的研究

选用几种在富营养化养殖废水中生长的大型海藻优势种：日本多管藻(Polysiphonia japonica)、孔石莼(Ulva pertusa)、簇生刚毛藻(Cladophora fasciculatus)和褶曲刚毛藻(Cladophora flexusa),植于富营养化的地下海水中,研究其对水体中N,P等营养物质的净化效果。实验结果表明,褶曲刚毛藻对水体中的N,P有很强的吸收和转化能力,从而可快速净化富营养水体中的N,P。地下海水植入褶曲刚毛藻9h后,NO2^--N,NH4^ -N,NO3^-N和PO4^3--P的质量浓度分别降为0．0045,0．0545,0．0048,0．0116mg／L,降除率达到93％,90％,92％,75％。     

Lake Shira, a Siberian salt lake: ecosystem structure and function. 1. Major physico-chemical and biological features

The specific composition, vertical distribution and daily migration of plankton in a meromictic salt lake, Lake Shira, have been investigated. The main structural components of the ecosystem are bacteria, algae and crustaceans. Since the late 1970s, blue-green algae are reported as dominant. Nowadays the phytoplankton is dominated by Lyngbya contorta, Microcystis ichtyoblabe (Cyanophyta), Cyclotella tuberculata (Bacillariophyta) and Dictyosphaerium tetrachotomum (Chlorophyta). The zooplankton of Lake Shira comprises Arctodiaptomus salinus (Copepoda), Brachionus plicatilis and Hexarthra oxiuris (Rotatoria). Investigation revealed a stratified vertical distribution of all dominant species except Cyclotella with a maximum at a depth of 12--15 m during the summer growth period. Zooplanktons differ in the pattern of distribution and daily migration, but most zooplankton tend to concentrate near the surface. The possible reasons for the vertical distribution of the plankton are discussed.     

浙江海区赤潮生物监测与赤潮实时预测

根据赤潮生物细胞密度法及其增长速率和其它理化的环境要素 ,并结合卫星遥感实时监测 ,对浙北海域的夜光藻等引发的赤潮进行了试验性预警和实时预测 ,为预防和减少赤潮灾害进行了有益的探索。     

蓝,绿藻在浙江河口区霍乱弧菌可持续滋生的生态效应：Ⅰ.钱塘江河？…

为探索埃尔托霍乱弧菌致病常发区自然水体与其存活的有关因素,于1997年4月～1998年2月在钱塘江河口区霍乱多发地进行了4个季度月的现场生态调查.结果表明: 霍乱老疫区水域和非疫区的对照水域中其生态环境有明显差异.在老疫区水体中浮游植物密度大,其范围在105～107个/dm3,种类也多,仅蓝、绿藻在春季时就有35种;异养细菌数量高,其范围在105～106个/cm3,其中黄杆菌属,假单胞菌属和芽胞杆菌属占优势;弧菌数量在101～102个/cm3.对照水体中浮游植物密度小,在102～103个/dm3,种类明显少,蓝、绿藻只有4～7种;异养细菌数比老疫区水体的数量低2～3个数量级,在102～104个/cm3;弧菌在一年四季均未检出.     

鲍苗硅藻饵料培养池中的危害性纤毛虫及其优势种群研究

应用纤毛虫的定性和定量方法 ,研究了规模化鲍苗硅藻饵料培养池中危害性纤毛虫的种类组成和各种类的种群变化过程。共观察到纤毛虫 33种 ,斯坦盾纤虫Aspidiscasteini和三齿盾纤虫Aspidiscatridentata为优势种。在藻类培养过程中 ,危害性纤毛虫种类数量呈先增加后减少 ,最多时有 2 5种。随着培养的藻类数量增加 ,纤毛虫数量也有所增加 ,在培养的第 1 3天达到数量的最大值。其最大总密度可达 2 1 2 8和 2 1 55个·cm- 2 。优势种斯坦盾纤虫和三齿盾纤虫最大密度达到 5 3— 7 2个·cm- 2 。此外 ,大突口虫Condylostomamagnum ,扇形游仆虫Euplotesvannus,具棘旋毛虫Dysteriaspinifera和双眉虫属Diophrys在数量上具有较高的比例。与藻类不同的是 ,纤毛虫的密度在达到最大后逐渐下降     

Ocean urea fertilization for carbon credits poses high ecological risks

The proposed plan for enrichment of the Sulu Sea, Philippines, a region of rich marine biodiversity, with thousands of tonnes of urea in order to stimulate algal blooms and sequester carbon is flawed for multiple reasons. Urea is preferentially used as a nitrogen source by some cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates, many of which are neutrally or positively buoyant. Biological pumps to the deep sea are classically leaky, and the inefficient burial of new biomass makes the estimation of a net loss of carbon from the atmosphere questionable at best. The potential for growth of toxic dinoflagellates is also high, as many grow well on urea and some even increase their toxicity when grown on urea. Many toxic dinoflagellates form cysts which can settle to the sediment and germinate in subsequent years, forming new blooms even without further fertilization. If large-scale blooms do occur, it is likely that they will contribute to hypoxia in the bottom waters upon decomposition. Lastly, urea production requires fossil fuel usage, further limiting the potential for net carbon sequestration. The environmental and economic impacts are potentially great and need to be rigorously assessed.     

海产绿藻束生刚毛藻(Cladophora fascicularis)的分类地位探讨

针对国际上海洋绿藻束生刚毛藻Cladophorafascicularis与C.vagabunda的同物异名争议,本文对采集于海南岛莺歌海的束生刚毛藻进行了形态学观察。从55个样品的形态特征观测及分析中获得了用于其物种鉴定的主要特征为:藻体丛生,黄绿色,往往纠缠在一起,高3—23cm;基部为不规则分枝的假根状,往往多个植株的假根粘连在一起;直立部分叉状或多不规则叉状分枝,主枝可产生多个分枝或产生分级的分枝;上部枝多个密集成束,偏生于一侧,末位小枝侧生,多向内侧弯曲,略呈栉状排列,枝端钝尖;主轴细胞长宽比为3—6.5,侧枝细胞长宽比为3—5,小枝细胞长宽比为1.5—5,末位细胞长宽比为1.2—5。结合形态特征比较以及分子数据分析,本文探讨了束生刚毛藻与C. vagabunda的同物异名问题,认为束生刚毛藻可作为独立种存在。