南极乔治王岛雪藻的分布及其相关的雪物理和化学特征

研究了南极乔治王岛地区雪藻的分布和种类组成,以及相关的有色雪的物理和化学特征,如积雪性状、雪融水的ｐＨ、电导率和营养盐浓度,以便了解影响雪藻分布的环境因子。乔治王岛地区的大多数雪藻是属绿藻门的种类,与其他淡水生境相比,兰藻和硅藻数量稀少。利用菲尔德斯半岛和阿德雷岛沿岸的三种主要雪型研究雪藻群落的生态学：由绿藻的红色休眠细胞占优势的红色雪,由一种丝状绿藻（Ｋｌｅｂｓｏｒｍｉｄｉｕｍｓｐ．）占优势的绿色雪和由一种小球状的金藻占优势的褐色雪。红色雪和褐色雪趋向于以粗糙粒状雪的性状出现,而绿色雪则趋向于以渍水性雪的性状出现。所有有色雪的ｐＨ值处于同一水平（ｐＨ为５～６）,但绿色雪融水的电导率和氨氮（ＮＨ４－Ｎ）浓度高于红色和褐色雪,且绿色雪的叶绿素ａ含量比红色雪高得多。有色雪的叶绿素ａ含量与ＮＨ４－Ｎ和ＰＯ４－Ｐ浓度的相关性不明显,但在所研究的环境因子中,雪的性状、雪融水的电导率和ＮＨ４－Ｎ浓度对雪藻的分布有影响。     

Interactions of cadmium(II) and protons with dead biomass of marine algae Fucus sp.

Samples of dead biomass from the marine brown algae Fucus ceranoides, Fucus vesiculosus and Fucus serratus were studied for their ability to remove cadmium from aqueous solutions. The metal sorption process is rapid, with 90% of the metal uptake completed within the first 25 min of contact. The kinetic data was described successfully by a pseudo second order chemical sorption process with rate constants of ca. 0.6 g mmol^− 1 min^− 1. At pH 4.5, the raw biomass of the three species exhibited equilibrium uptake capacities for Cd as high as 0.8 mmol g^− 1 (90 mg g^− 1), on a dry weight basis, without chemical pretreatment. These sorption capacities are much higher than those reported for activated carbon and chitin. The sorption of Cd was found to increase as pH increases, reaching a plateau at pH 5.Batch sorption experiments and continuous potentiometric titrations of acid-treated biomass samples in 0.05 M NaNO₃ were used to derive thermodynamic binding parameters according to the NICCA model. The total amount of acid sites was 2.4–2.9 mmol g^− 1, with median values of the affinity distribution for protons and cadmium ions, log K˜_H and log K˜_Cd, of 3.7 and 2.69, respectively (conditional values). The apparent heterogeneity of the sorbent was successfully taken into account by the empirical NICCA isotherm, which described very well the competition between protons and metal ions, in contrast with a simpler discrete competitive Langmuir model.The experimental results demonstrate that these seaweeds constitute a promising, efficient, cheap and biodegradable sorbent biomaterial for cadmium removal from wastewaters. This use would represent an example of exploitation of a renewable marine resource in water treatment technologies for the prevention of heavy metal pollution in the environment.     

用海藻磨碎液进行海湾扇贝促熟的研究

本文阐述了在海湾扇贝人工育苗中,用海藻磨碎液代替单胞藻类进行海湾扇贝促熟的研究。两年的生产实践已证明海藻磨碎液完全可替代单胞藻促使亲贝提早成熟,这将为扇贝育苗中饵料的开发利用开创了一条新途径,从而大大降低了生产成本。     

山东海区大型海藻抗肿瘤及免疫活性

对山东海区大型海藻进行系统采集，采用SRB法测定了40种海藻甲醇提取物对A-549人肺腺癌细胞生长抑制率，MTT法测定了对HL-60人白血病细胞生长抑制率；并且测定了样品对T、B淋巴细胞的免疫活性和细胞毒性。结果表明：异枝凹项藻、细枝软骨藻、鸭毛藻、绳藻、叉开网翼藻具有较好的抗A-549肿瘤细胞活性，鸭毛藻、异管藻和网地藻具有较好的抗HL-60肿瘤细胞活性；金膜藻、萱藻、绳藻、小粘膜藻和酸藻具有较好的免疫生物活性。     

中国对虾体表微型生物污着原因及防治法验证

用取自中国对虾Penaeaschinensis养成池人工挂片上的微型污着生物、单胞藻、蛋白胨和几种化学治疗药物在室内水族箱中对中国对虾进行试验，以验证对虾体表微型生物污着的原因，并探讨其防治方法。实验表明：中国对虾体表微型污着生物的组成和数量与加入蛋白胨有关，而与由挂片引入的微型污着生物关系不明显，说明对虾体表微型生物污着的主要原因是水环境中的有机物浓度增高。等鞭金藻Isochrysisgalbana可作为钟虫Vorticellasp.、聚缩虫Zoothamniumsp．、壶鞘虫Lagotiasp.等附着性纤毛虫的食物，但实验中其他几种单胞藻（牟氏角毛藻Chactocerosmuelleri、亚心形扁藻Platymonassubcordiformis、蓝藻Synechococcussp．盐藻Dunaliellasp．）则不能；福尔马林、硫酸铜、孔雀绿、制霉菌素和茶粕均可刺激对虾蜕皮，但以目前推荐给现场使用的药物浓度均难以杀死附着性纤毛虫；在实验的几种药物中，茶粕是刺激中国对虾蜕皮、减少体表微型生物污着最有效的药物。     

中街山列岛底栖海藻生态的初步研究

本文报道了1986年7月至1988年10月在浙江北部中街山列岛潮间带进行的海藻定点定量调查结果,已鉴定底栖海藻94种。海藻组成以亚热带性与暖温带性种类占优势。区系性质与台湾暖流对本区的影响有关。底栖海藻的种类组成、垂直分布及生物量均存在明显的季节变化。本文对海藻生长的时空变化与某些环境因子间的关系作了分析探讨。     

30种海洋绿藻的脂肪酸分类与评价

以平方欧氏距离为相似性测度，类间距用离差平方和法，对11属30株海洋绿藻所含脂肪酸进行聚类分析，结果分为5类。类I含EPA和DHA最高；类Ⅳ含总(n-3)PUFAs最高。混合培养小球藻C95，C97与杜氏藻C33，C42，可能得到EPA，DHA和其它（n-3)PUFAs含量最丰的绿藻种群。系统聚类分析为海洋绿藻分类与量化评价提供了一种好方法。     

菌-藻相互作用下胞外酶活性变化研究

报道了在实验室培养条件下塔马亚历山大藻 (Alexandriumtamarense)与几株海洋细菌之间的生态关系。实验表明 ,在培养前期 ,培养液中的营养成分尚足以维持藻类和细菌的生长 ,细菌的加入是胞外酶活性升高的主要原因所在 ;在培养的后期 ,混合培养液和藻对照培养液中胞外酶活性持续升高。A.tamarense在单独培养下 ,其胞外酶活性从第12天起才有明显的提高 ,第16天增加较快,达到0.104μmol/(L·h);至第20天藻体衰败时 ,胞外酶活性达到最高水平 ,为0.385μmol/(L·h)。Z7 细菌单独培养时 ,其胞外酶活性在单独培养的2d后有一个高峰值0.133μmol/(L·h) ,随着培养时间的延长 ,其酶活性逐渐降低。细菌Z7 和Z10 与A.tamarense共培养下 ,两者胞外酶活性变化趋势相似。     

Seasonal Changes in Limestone and Sand Plant Communities off the Florida West Coast

Abstract. The benthic flora of the limestone (20%) and sand (80%) substrates typical of intermediate depths on the west coast of Florida was sampled using quadrats over a three year period. Twenty seven taxa of macroscopic algae and one seagrass, Halophila decipiens , were collected. No plants were found during February of two consecutive years. The biomass and available energy ranged from 0 (winter) to 12.4g dry weight and 128 kJ (summer) per 25cm^: on the limestone outcroppings and from 0 to 4.4g dry weight and 43 kJ for the sand substrate. The flora was seasonal with no dominant macroscopic algae occurring throughout the year. The flora of the intermediate depths is subjected to abiotic disturbances and is rudcral in nature. Thus, secondary production in the extensive intermediate depths along the west coast of Florida must depend more on the inshore, shallow water seagrass communities for primary production.