空港经济区空间结构演变及驱动机制——以上海虹桥国际机场为例

基于微观企业数据,对上海虹桥国际机场的空港经济区范围进行界定,并借助GIS 技术,综合圈层分析和热点分析方法,研究区内空间结构演变。结果表明：空港经济区范围逐渐扩大,由初期单向扩张转变为多方位扩张;圈层分化特征明显,临空指向度分析显示,随着临空指向由强而弱,企业集聚空间自机场中心向外围推移,行业分析显示,主要行业如航空运输业、运输代理业、道路运输业由内而外依次布局,而零售业作为基础服务行业,规模与各圈层企业规模高度耦合;企业热点区由点状向轴线演变,“南重北轻、东强西弱”格局形成。机场规模、机场区功能分区、机场区管制和临空指向等构成虹桥空港经济区空间结构演变的内生动力,而集聚经济、可达性和城区方位构成外在动力。     

高原重要机场航班延误的气象因素分析

通过对四川航空公司2005～2006年高原特殊机场航班延误的气象资料分析,得出影响高原机场最大的气象要素为低云、低能见度以及顺风超标等。并针对航班延误比较多的高原机场进行详细的数据统计以及气象特征分析,为排班工作提供参考。     

基于范围界定的长三角主要空港经济区综合发育比较研究

基于工商企业数据的实证研究表明：2013年长三角主要机场均已形成空港经济区,空间半径从2.3 km到7.2 km不等;用地向主城、机场出入口、货站、周边发达城镇扩张,非农建设用地比例普遍达50%上;企业规模和临空强度明显高于周边地区,制造业比例均高于55%,但临空制造业比例基本低于10%,服务业比例低至20%左右,生产性服务业发育滞后,运输业比例从1%到20%不等,差距较大。综合评估表明：上海浦东、无锡处于成长阶段后期,杭州、南京为成长阶段前期,宁波、温州处于起步阶段。影响要素分析表明,机场是发育的主导力量,城市影响力次之。机场定位、运输规模、区域经济与科技创新有效推动了空港经济区发展,机场地区交通作用更显著,但机场与主城距离基本无影响。     

夏季北极密集冰区范围确定及其时空变化研究

研究夏季北极密集冰区的范围变化是了解北极海冰融化过程的重要手段。密集冰区与海冰边缘区之间没有明确的分界线, 海冰密集度在两者之间平滑过渡, 确定密集冰区范围就需确定一个密集度阈值。文中依据分辨率为6.25 km的AMSR-E遥感数据, 发现不同密集度阈值所围范围在密集冰区边缘处的减小存在由快变慢的过程, 同时与周围格点的密集度差异变化在该处最为显著, 对这两个特征进行统计分析, 获得的阈值同为89%, 具有明确的物理意义和合理性。以此为基础, 运用腐蚀算法剔除海冰边缘区, 同时结合连通域法排除小范围密集冰的影响, 进而确定密集冰区的范围。结果表明, 2002-2006年密集冰区覆盖范围较大, 年际变化较小, 2007年以后明显减小, 2010年与2011年相继出现最小值, 其中2011年的范围最小值仅为2006年的64%。密集冰区范围的变化不同于海冰覆盖范围, 是具有独立特性的海冰变化参数, 反映出高密集度海冰区域的变化特征。海冰的融化与海冰边缘区的变化是导致密集冰区范围发生变化的两个主要因素, 受动力学因素的影响, 海冰边缘区发生伸展或收缩, 发生密集冰区与海冰边缘区互相转化。本文提出了一种研究北极海冰变化的新思路, 密集冰区覆盖范围的减小表明北极中央区域高密集度海冰正持续减少。     

机场净空GIS快速评定方法研究

本文通过对机场净空规格进行分析,建立了机场净空区障碍物限制面的数学模型。在此数学模型的基础上使用ArcGIS、AutoCAD软件建立净空限制面三角网高程模型,并进行三维显示以及净空评定,为使用地理信息系统进行净空管理创造条件。     

Ecological Rehabilitation Measures in Civil Airport Construction Projects in Different Ecologically Vulnerable Regions in China

Numerous airports have been constructed based on the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Civil Aviation Development of China. We collected relevant data on the number and distribution of civil airports, the construction of which had started or that had been assessed and approved. Based on a comparative analysis of the limits of ecological restoration in different ecologically vulnerable areas from the perspective of space, as well as an examination of ecological sensitivity factors in the ecosystems surrounding airport construction projects, suggestions concerning key ecological control techniques to be employed in airport construction projects in different ecologically vulnerable areas are put forward. The results showed that the airport construction projects recently approved by the Ministry of Water Resources and the Environmental Protection Agency are mainly distributed in the ecologically vulnerable areas of the Red Soil Hilly Area in southern China, the Karst Rocky Desertification Area in southwest China, the Agro-pastoral Ecotone in the southwestern mountain region, and the Desert-Oasis Connecting Belt in northwest China. The airport construction projects in the southwest mountain area, the hilly areas of southern China, and in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau are mainly based on the ecological technologies of slope protection, interception and drainage management, and vegetation restoration, respectively. In the arid and semi-arid areas, the ecological control technology employed in airport construction is mainly the rational utilization of water resources and reduction or mitigation of the effects of sandstorms. This study aims to serve as basis for soil and water conservation plans in airport construction projects and accelerate ecosystem restoration within the vicinity of airport construction sites.     

江苏码头庄油田储层流动单元与水淹状况分析

提出了储层流动单元"两步"法的研究新思路,并以江苏码头庄油田为例进行了尝试性的研究工作。在储层流动单元划分时,首先根据稳定的泥岩和含泥粉砂岩隔夹层的分布划分连通单元,然后对影响流体流动的储层特征参数进行聚类分析,并划分流动单元。通过对码头庄油田砂岩含油层系隔夹层的研究,可将储层划分为3个砂组和12个连通单元。码头庄油田有8个储层参数与日产油和吸水强度的关系密切,因而用这8个参数进行聚类分析划分出4类流动单元:E型、G型、F型、P型,它们的储层质量依次变差。把这8个储层参数经线性组合成一个综合参数———FU来作为综合判别流动单元类型的指标。码头庄油田油层内部流动单元的分布形式复杂,各种类型流动单元相间分布,流动单元的形状多呈条带状,沿北西—南东向延伸。流动单元的分布与沉积微相的分布和基准面旋回有关。流动单元的储层质量越好,其水淹状况越严重;流动单元的储层质量越差,其水淹状况越弱。平面上,流动单元的分布控制了边水和注入水的流动方向及水淹的分带性。     

三峡机场高填方土基沉降观测与计算研究

运用工程测量与土力学计算相结合的方法并考虑飞机荷重的影响，将各种方法的计算结果进行综合分析，合理地拟定了三峡机场高填方土基剩余沉降量、倾斜、土基固结度和回弹模量等技术值，为高填方土基面上混凝土施工期决策及时地提供了科学依据，据此而进行的施工，经竣工验收和4年来的通航检验，证明土基稳定，运行安全。     

地铁联络通道冻结施工的三维数值模拟

冻结法在地铁联络通道施工中得到了广泛的应用,冻土墙的设计温度和厚度是工程安全的重要前提,为了直观了解冻土墙的力学特性,掌握联络通道内土体开挖对冻土墙的影响,保证工程的安全,对施工过程进行了三维数值模拟,得出了有价值的结论,并把计算结果与实测进行了比较,可供工程实践参考.     

Natural gradient experiment on transport of jet fuel derived hydrocarbons in an unconfined sandy aquifer

This paper deals with a field experiment, combining the push–pull and tracer tests, conducted under natural gradient conditions at the international Oslo airport. The studied aquifer, showing very complex hydrogeological settings, has been contaminated by a jet fuel spill. The tracer solutes—bromide, toluene, o-xylene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene and naphthalene, have been injected into the plume. Their migration and changes in concentration of the electron acceptors and metabolic by-products have been monitored. Fast removal of both the non-reactive tracer as well as the aromatic organics has been observed. The tracer pulse could only be detected 2 m downgradient from the injection points. At this point, toluene and o-xylene have been completely removed, however, trimethylbenzenes and naphthalene have been detected. Their depletion, based on calculations of available electron acceptors, can, to a large extent, be accounted for intrinsic biodegradation, with Fe(III) and sulphate reductions as the major controlling processes.