松辽盆地湖泊浅水三角洲沉积动力学研究

本文在充分利用开发检查并全井段取芯,研究沉积微相类型的基础上,结合密集开发井网的动态资料,分析了各种砂体在进间的连通性与平面上的分布规律,系统总结了地形、河流与湖泊大小、气候演化与湖面升降对湖泊浅水三角洲沉积动力学过程及其前缘砂体内部结构、沉积模式的影响作用。     

地下水资源开发过程中的异常涨落和水量失调期

从地下水系统演化的角度, 提出在大规模开采条件下, 地下水系统存在异常涨落和水量失调现象, 认为正确认识这些现象不仅对深入了解地下水资源属性有着理论意义, 而且对制定地下水资源—经济—环境三者之间协调发展的地下水资源开发策略也有着重要的现实意义.      

梅里雪山明永冰川的特征与变化

梅里雪山主峰卡格薄峰海拔６７４０ｍ,位于怒江与澜沧江之间,是尚未被人类征服的神秘高峰之一。位于卡格薄峰东坡的明永冰川,长１１．７ｋｍ,冰川末端海拔２６６０ｍ,是目前横断山区第二条较长的冰川。这是一条横断山区海拔最低的季风海洋性冰川,其冰舌上部运动速度可达５３３ｍ／ａ。１９７１￣１９８２和１９９８年冰川均处于前进状态。     

Sediment particle size distribution and its environmental significance in Lake Erhai, Yunnan Province

A closed or semi-closed plateau lake, whose sediment records can provide us with plenty of fine and high resolution information, is a sensitive indicator of climatic and environmental changes. During the reconstruction of various short-time-scale climatic and environmental changes, the geochemical records in plateau-lake sediments are superior to other natural files. Based on fine dissection of the vertical profile of sediment particle sizes, this paper reveals the quasi-periodical changes of sediment particle sizes, which indicates the quasi-periodical fluctuations of the regional climate. A synthetic analysis of multiple indexes shows that sediment particle size is a more sensitive and more effective index of climatic and environmental changes than other geochemical indexes. High content of >20μm sediment particles and low content of 2–10μm sediment particles indicate a warm-dry climate and conversely a cold-humid climate, and their ratio can be used as an effective index of climatic changes. The basic climate succession in the region of Lake Erhai is characterized as being alternatively warm-dry and cold-humid and it has been developing into a warm-dry climate as a whole. There exist at least 2 time-scale quasi-periodical fluctuations of the regional climate in Lake Erhai. At present, the region of Lake Erhai is at the end of the warm-dry period and at the beginning of a cold-humid period, so the temperature will go down and the water level will rise. This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 49894170, 49773207).     

近30年来乌鲁木齐河流域冰川波动特征与流域高山带升温幅度的 …

乌鲁木齐河流域典型冰川与全流域其他冰川波动的监测结果表明,５０年代末与６０年代初以来,各冲川均处于全面退缩状态,且冰川长度退缩量,面积和冰储量减小量与冰川的规模有密切的关系,大冰川退缩量大,但退缩量所占百分比较小,小冰川则相反,而且三者与冲川的长度等级有较好的统计关系。     

Two-stage corona growth during Precambrian granulite facies metamorphism of Smitbson Bjerge, north-west Greenland

Abstract Late Archaean orthogneisses and aluminous and iron-rich metasedimentary rocks intruded by anorthosite and a ferrodiorite-granite suite were completely recrystallized during Proterozoic granulite facies metamorphism. Geobarometry and geothermometry indicate P-T conditions of around 7.5kbar. 700°C, with a CO₂-rich fluid phase and logfO₂ at or below -16. A two-stage high-grade history of near isochemical corona growth is preserved in metasediments with the reaction cycle opx + plag + H₂O → hbl+gar+SiO₂→ opx+plag+H₂O. End product compositions resemble those of the initial phases, and the only mobile components were SiO₂ and/or H₂O. The coronas reflect shortlived fluctuations in chemical activity at essentially constant P and T, contrary to simple progressive change in equilibrium parameters recorded by most corona-bearing textures.     

Variability in the surface wind direction at a coastal site of complex terrain

Variability in the standard deviation of surface wind direction (σ_θ), under different Pasquill stability regimes on diurnal, seasonal and interannual scales has been investigated making use of a 10-year data set collected at Visakhapatnam (17°42′ N., 82° 18′ E) during January, April, August and October for winter, pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons respectively. The diurnal scale variability in σ_θ is more pronounced during day time than in night. The seasonal variability in σ_θ is only moderate around noon while relatively large fluctuations are noticed on inter-annual scale only during day time in January and August. The seasonal dispersion in σ_θ decreased from most unstable regime to most stable regime.     

沙丘背风侧气流及其沉积类型与意义

在腾格里沙漠东南缘对现代沙丘表面气流、沉积过程的野外观测结果表明,由于区域气流、沙丘形态及其相互作用等的不同使沙丘背风坡气流发生变化,在此发现三种背风坡次生气流 :分离流、附体未偏向流和附体偏向流。前者以弱的反向流为特征多发生在横向气流条件下坡度较陡的背风坡;后二者具有相对高的风速,其中附体流多发生在坡度缓和的背风坡,其方向在横向气流条件下保持原来的方向,而在斜向气流作用下发生偏转且其强度为原始风入射角的余弦函数。根据背风坡气流方向及强度,作者阐述了不同区域气流环境中沙丘背风坡沉积过程、层理类型及特征,探讨了交错层产状与区域气流方向之间的关系.     

土壤可蚀性动态变化规律研究

通过回顾已有的研究成果，分析评价了现有具有代表性的土壤可蚀性评价指标的优缺点，提出了建立适用于土壤侵蚀预报的可蚀性评价指标的原则。并运用野外观测资料，计算分析了我国黑土、黄土，以及日本火山灰土等土壤可蚀性的季节变化规律，深入研究了土壤可蚀性随次降雨强度、不同强度段降雨组合的变化趋势。结果表明，单位降雨侵蚀力所对应的土壤流失量是反映土壤性质与流失量之间定量关系的最好指标，但不能把目前使用的土壤可蚀性指标直接移植于次降雨模型中。土壤可蚀性具有明显的季节变化，而其变化规律还存在地域差异性。采用最大30分钟雨强大于25－30mm/hr降雨的侵蚀产沙资料，计算的土壤可蚀性值比较稳定且接近该土类可蚀性的多年平均值。     

冬季南海上层环流动力机制的数值研究

通过利用一个分区性的正压-斜压衔接模式来探讨冬季南海的上层环流特征及其动力机制,结果表明:(1)在南海北部,流态主要受黑潮的影响,除了东沙群岛西南的大陆架海域以及吕宋岛北部西岸附近各为一反气旋涡外,整个南海北部为一气旋式大环流所控制.(2)在南海南部主要是风生环流,源自粤西沿岸的水体在东北季风的作用下顺南海西边界岸线向南流动,形成一支相当强的西边界流;同时,由于受北康暗沙以南的陆架坡底形效应和β效应的作用,使得在南海南部出现以一个反气旋涡在南沙海槽处产生、发展并向西传播乃至衰减的约50d的周期性过程