Current measurements and spectral analyses in the upper 450 m and deep layers of the northeastern South China Sea

On the basis of the current measurements from the moored Long Ranger ADCP in the upper 450 m layer and the deep current measurements at 2000 and 2300 m from the moored cur-rent meters with the time series data of about 7 months at the mooring station in the northeastern South China Sea, the spectral analyses and calculation have been made. The major results are as follows: (ⅰ) From the progressive vector diagrams of the observed daily currents at the water lev-els from 50 m to 400 m, its temporal variation of velocity rotated counterclockwise in most of the observing time. This agrees basically with the result from the qualitative analysis of the sea surface height data, which was obtained from TOPEX/ERS-2 altimeter data by CCAR. The daily and monthly average velocities are both the largest in November, next in October and minimum in Au-gust. (ⅱ) At the 2000 and 2300 m levels, the daily and monthly average velocities are both the largest in January, next in September and minimum in August. From the seasonal change of cur-rents, the current velocity is the strongest in winter (January-March), next in autumn, and weak in summer. (ⅲ) There exists the variation of tidal current with the change of depth. In the upper layer, the height of diurnal peak is higher than that of semidiurnal peak. However, the semidiurnal peak is higher than the diurnal peak at the levels from 200 m to 400 m. In the layers above 450 m the clockwise component is dominant in their fluctuations. In the layers below 1500 m the diurnal peak is again higher than the semidiurnal peak. (ⅳ) There is the prominent periodic fluctuation of more than two months in the layer from 50 m to 2300 m. The period of this prominent peak is 75 d and its fluctuation is counterclockwise in the upper 450 m layers, and is 68 d and 69 d at the depths of 2000 and 2300 m, respectively, and the counterclockwise component is dominant in their fluctua-tions. (ⅴ) There are the variations of periods fluctuating with the change of depth in the upper 450 m layers. For example, when f＞0, there are the prominent fluctuations of about 22 d and 15 d pe-riods at the 50 and 100 m levels. However, there are no such periods at the layer from 200 m to 400 m, where only the fluctuation of about 13 d period occurs. (ⅵ) There are the fluctuations with periods of more than one month, 23 d and 15 d at the 2000 m and 2300 m levels. (ⅶ) In the layer from 50 m to 2300 m there are the following prominent peaks: ⅰ) the fluctuation in the period range of about 4-8 d, which occurs in the weather process; ⅱ) the fluctuation with inertial period, the fluctuation is clockwise; and ⅲ) the fluctuations with short periods of about 8 h and 6 h. (ⅷ) From the cross spectral estimates between two time series, it is shown that there are significant coherence peaks with the periods of more than two months (T = 68.3 d) and more than one month between the two time series of currents at 2000 m and 2300 m depths, and also those with periods of about half a month (15.5 d), 2 d and so on between two time series of currents at 100 m and 2300 m depths.     

湖北碳交易试点价格稳定机制、评估及启示

碳排放交易体系存在诸多影响配额供需两端的因素,为避免配额供需严重失衡和碳价格剧烈波动,湖北碳交易试点建立了一套系统的碳价格稳定机制。这套机制包括配额分类管理及注销机制、企业配额事后调节机制、配额投放和回购机制、碳价格涨跌幅限制机制,对湖北碳交易试点的平稳运行发挥了积极作用。本文对上述机制进行了分析评估,并据此提出了全国碳交易体系建设中建立碳价格稳定机制的政策建议。     

渤海冷空气大风过程中3次风速波动的原因分析

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一次西北气流型冰雹过程分析中加密观测资料的综合应用

利用多普勒天气雷达观测资料、风廓线雷达、天津255m气象铁塔观测资料,结合NCEP再分析资料、北京和乐亭两个探空站、5min间隔自动站观测资料和自动站J文件,对2014年6月22日天津地区一次漏报冰雹过程对流系统的演变特征进行精细化分析。结果表明:(1)这次西北气流型冰雹天气是在低能量环境场发生的,冰雹入侵路径是少见的东北路径;(2)雹暴单体发展于地面"人"字形辐合线"捺"部顶端,配合干线的共同作用造成雹暴单体加强发展,形成阶段近地层强东风入流加强地面风速辐合和干线的强度。成熟阶段气象要素的骤变(降温、升压、增湿)远强于形成和发展阶段的变化;(3)雹暴后侧入流区东北气流的维持及其下传对雹暴单体的增强起到重要作用。前侧入流区东北气流则自地面向边界层伸展,且临近降雹时塔层气象要素均有短时间的反向变化;(4)风暴追踪信息显示雹暴单体质心高度在3~4km,回波顶高远超过-20℃高度,最大反射率因子高度存在3次明显下落,发展阶段垂直液体含水量达最大55kg·m~(-2)。     

舟山群岛北部的地理环境与黄棕壤的形成——兼论新构造运动影响及红壤带的北界问题

舟山群岛北部历来划属红壤带,但良好发育且分布最广的是黄棕壤,因其多种性状与气候等环境酷似南京下蜀黄土上的典型黄棕壤。黄棕壤上无红化迹象,不能以下部有酸性古红土而将本区误定为红壤带。第四纪以来地球上有过多次气候波动,使红壤带的北界南北摆动。红壤带在目前不一定有红壤化作用在进行,它仅表示为红壤相对集中的地带。本文还讨论了该黄棕壤形成过程中,新构造运动在多方面的重要影响。     

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就首都机场ＴＤＲ－３６００多普勒雷达探测资料分析了超级单体,飑线,切变线等中小尺度强对流天气的径向速度图特征,解释其提供的风场信息。     

洪水期水位流量关系绳套曲线的直接拟合

受洪水涨落影响的水痊流量关系通常为时序型绳套曲线,现有的校正因数法在电算整编中存在一定的困难,通过对校正因数法公式的幂级数展开,提出了水位流量关系绳套曲线的计算机直接拟合数学方法,并对该法原理、步骤作了较详细的介绍。实例验证结果表明,该法能有效地模拟受洪水涨落影响的水位流量关系绳套曲线、且具有计算速度快,推流精度高等优点。     

塔里木盆地奥陶系层序地球化学研究

对塔里木盆地奥陶系锶同位素分析表明,在早奥陶世海平面呈下降２,在中晚奥陶世海平面则持续上升并保持在高于奥陶纪平均海平面之上。氧,碳同位素及微量元素的分析结果均支持锶同位素的研究结论。研究表明,沉积层序中发育相应的沉积地球化学样式。     

桩基础验收工作中无损动测技术的应用探讨

在对桩基动测方法理论探讨及现场施工测试方法的分析基础上,简述测试资料解释中的判别标准和尺度,通过具体实例的应用,说明动测技术对桩基施工质量检测的准确性和实用性。     

天山乌鲁木齐河源冰达坂多年冻土温度监测

乌鲁木齐河源冰达坂５号钻孔是天山山脉海拔最高的地温观测孔。１９９１－１９９５年监测结果表明,基层温度呈现明显的昼夜,季节和年际变化,其中２ｍ左右受山坡粗砾石中径流热扰动和降水热渗浸泊强烈影响,８－１０月平均地温在０℃附近振荡。