邵阳地震前后安乡井水位异常变化

通过对邵阳两次地震活动前后安乡井水位异常变化的总结,分析了其前兆反应的特征,认为该井在邵阳地震发生前是有短临前兆显示的．该井可能是区域应力场活动的一个＂敏感点＂．     

Application of Random Process in Soil Profile Modeling

When using the random process in soil profile modeling, the stationary and ergodicity of thesoil properties in the profile must be tested. This paper describes a procedure for stationary and ergodicity testing. Numerical examples were given for demonstration. A log-cosine function is suggested to simulate the correlation function, which has been proved to be good for soil profile modeling.     

Response of Coastal Groundwater Table to Offshore Storms

Large groundwater table fluctuations were observed in a coastal aquifer during an offshore storm. The storm induced significant changes of the mean shoreline elevation, characterized by a pulse-like oscillation. This pulse propagated in the aquifer, resulting in the water table fluctuations. A general analytical solution is derived to quantify this new mechanism of water table fluctuation. The solution is applied to field observations and is found to be able to predict reasonably well the observed storm-induced water table fluctuations. Based on the analytical solution, the damping characteristics and phase shift of the oscillation as it propagates inland are examined.     

Spatial correlation for transformation uncertainty and its applications

This paper shows that the transformation uncertainty varies in space and can be decomposed into (a) a slowly fluctuating component contributed by the systematic bias for a local site and (b) a rapidly fluctuating component partly contributed by the measurement error. Based on a piezocone database, the slowly fluctuating component is found to have a vertical scale of fluctuation (SOF) of 17–60 m, larger than the vertical SOFs for most soil properties and characteristic dimensions for many geotechnical structures. This paper provides an empirical basis to justify the assumption that the transformation uncertainty is fully correlated in space.     

Spatial relationship of groundwater–phosphorus interaction in the Kissimmee river basin,South Florida

Fluctuations of groundwater levels were used to predict soluble phosphorus concentrations. In‐situ observations showed a decrease in soluble phosphorus during groundwater recession and an increase with groundwater rise. A spatial analysis of the simulated soluble phosphorus and groundwater levels indicated similarity of patterns (spatial correlation) 99% of the time. A geographically weighted multivariate analysis of soluble phosphorus using groundwater levels, phosphorus levels of the Kissimmee River, and distance from the Kissimmee River as predictors showed a goodness of fit (R²) ranging from 0.2 to 0.7. Results indicated no significant difference between the simulated and observed soluble phosphorus levels at a p value of 0.01. Among the parameters, the groundwater level explained 70% of the soluble phosphorus variability. The distance to surface waterbodies and their phosphorus levels had significant weights only within a 5‐km range from the waterbody. A model generalization is further required to simulate the spatiotemporal groundwater–phosphorus dynamics over meaningful temporal ranges – at least for 3 to 5 years – for conclusiveness of the data. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

梭磨河流域气候波动和土地覆被变化对径流影响的模拟研究

利用一个集总式水文模型(CHARM),模拟了不同的气候与土地覆被条件下长江上游梭磨河流域的水量平衡,定量区分气候波动和土地覆被变化对水文影响的“贡献率”。模型模拟的初步结果表明,从20世纪60年代到80年代,径流深增加了45.7mm,其中,由气候波动所引起的年平均径流深的增加占63.9%,由土地覆被变化所引起的径流深的增加占20.8%,其他条件的变化所引起的径流深的增加占15.3%。     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

阵风及其谱模拟

作用于海洋工程结构物的风力一般可分为恒定分量和变动分量两部分，认为前者是由于稳定风速所致，后者是由于风速脉动引起的。在实验室中为了恰当地模拟海上环境，不但要实现稳定风速的模拟，而且变动风速也要满足一定要求，这即是阵风谱的模拟。本文在风速的脉动是随机的，并服从高斯分布，且是由无限多正弦风叠加而成的基础上，叙述了海洋工程模型试验中如何实现阵风谱的模拟，并给出了模拟实例。     

Seasonal fluctuation of Myxobolus gibelioi (Myxosporea) plasmodia in the gills of the farmed allogynogenetic gibel carp in China

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