航空重力测量的偏心改正

导出了航空重力测量偏心改正的实用计算公式 ,利用某航空重力测量实测数据 ,计算了位置、速度和加速度的偏心改正 ,并对垂直加速度、厄特弗斯改正、水平加速度改正和空间改正的偏心影响进行了详细分析 ,讨论了偏心改正对偏心距、姿态角的测定精度要求。     

机载激光遥感成像的激光回波波形数字化技术

首先介绍了机载遥感成像技术的基本原理，讨论了其关键组成部分的地面目标激光回波波形数字化电路的设计及其组成特点，叙述了该波形数字化电路的时序设计和数据存储结构，最后讨论了波形数字化结果的数据预处理方法及相关问题，得到了系统试验运行中获取的激光回波的有关预处理结果，它们将作为进一步生成地面三维图像和目标分类的数据源。     

华北平原冲积物孢粉沉积相研究

华北平原孢粉沉积相研究表明，洪积扇和三角洲平原区沉积的花粉较多。花粉沉积浓度多在3000粒/g以上。冲积平原区沉积下来的花粉较少，花粉浓度多在1000粒/g以下。冲积物的花粉浓度可以作为划分不同地貌单元的指标。不同的沉积相存在着不同的孢粉组合。主流相一般沉积的花粉粒很少或不合花粉，花粉植物类型也较少。漫滩、心滩沉积的花粉较多，花粉植物类型也较丰富。边滩沉积的花粉较少，花粉浓度也低。自然堤和泛滥相以含有较多的松、卷柏孢子和当地花粉植物为特征。这些特征可以作为识别沉积相的指标。     

浙江鲻山遗址孢粉组合与先人活动的关系

文章通过对浙江鲻山遗址T8剖面进行孢粉组合分析，再结合孢粉－气候对应分析数理统计方法，得出了该遗址的古气候、古环境。对比河姆渡文化遗直，推断出鲻山文化遗址是其一个分支。     

冶金地质系统航空物探工作三十年

从冶金地质航空物探工作队伍的目的，工作队伍的变化，所完成工作量的分析，飞行器材及导航定位系统使用状况，各种航空物探方法实施情况等几个方面，论述了冶金地质系统航空物探工作30年来技术发展过程，取得的成就及前景。     

航空物探和航天遥感技术在环境评价中的应用现状

本文介绍了航空物探和遥感技术在环境评价中的应用前提和应用领域，列出了在碍国内外应用研究的实例，充分说明该技术是环境评价前期阶段缩小靶区最重要的手段之一，具有快速、低廉等特点，受到各国广泛重视和采用。     

塔里木盆地石油运移的孢粉学证据

基于塔里木盆地塔北、库车、喀什和叶城四个含油气区 44个原油样品和 3个天然气样品中发现的化石孢子花粉89属183种的研究, 在该盆地地质背景下探讨了石油运移的机理。研究内容包括石油运移的通道、相态、方向、路线和期次。研究结果表明, 在油气源岩成岩过程中由异常高压形成的微裂隙是石油初次运移的通道 断层、不整合面、节理和其他裂隙是石油二次运移的通道 在运移过程中石油可保持其原有相态, 液态与气态混合相是塔里木盆地石油运移过程中的主要相态 石油运移的方向因油藏类型而异, 或以垂直运移为主, 或以侧向运移为主。     

内蒙古岱海表层沉积物中孢粉的分布及来源

岱海位于半干旱区东部边缘及东亚夏季风的尾闾区，生态环境体系脆弱，气候和环境变化敏感，是研究环境变化的理想地区。65个湖泊表层及入湖河流冲积物样品的孢粉分析揭示了岱海表层孢粉沉积特征及孢粉来源。岱海表层孢粉主要来源于区域性植被的孢粉，其总体特征反映了区域植被的组成，但不同部位孢粉组合的差异反映了湖滨当地植被的变化。受沉积环境的影响，岱海湖区孢粉浓度总体上要低于入湖河流孢粉浓度，湖区中部孢粉浓度最高。岱海孢粉以河流携带的为主，同时受风力传播的影响。蒿、藜科、桦、虎榛子等花粉和蕨类孢子以河流搬运的为主，松、禾本科及莎草科花粉可能还受风力传播的影响。一些仅在个别样品中出现且百分比很低的花粉类型如豆科、十字花科等还有可能是昆虫、鸟类或人类活动携带而来。     

Evaluation of Lidar and Medium Scale Photogrammetry for Detecting Soft-Cliff Coastal Change

Lidar and photogrammetry have both been evaluated for detecting shortterm coastal change using the Black Ven mudslide, Dorset as a case study. A lidar-generated digital elevation model (DEM) was obtained and initially compared with a DEM generated using available 1:7500 scale aerial photography and automated digital photogrammetry. The quality of these two data sets was assessed using a third DEM, derived using a total station and conventional ground survey methods. The vertical accuracies (rms error) of the lidar and photogrammetry were 0.26m and 0.43m respectively, although both data sets displayed a tendency to generate heights slightly lower than the elevation of the terrain surface. The quality of the two data sets was then assessed with respect to local slope angle. The accuracy of photogrammetrically derived elevations varied with slope and more so than in the case of lidar
From these basic tests, lidar has proved to be more accurate than photogrammetry for soft-cliff. monitoring. Further research is required to establish whether this trend is applicable to other data sets and specifically for photogrammetric data acquired using larger scale imagery     

Ozone and PAN Formation Inside and Outside of the Berlin Plume – Process Analysis and Numerical Process Simulation

During the BERLIOZ field phase on 20 July 1998 a 40 km wide ozone-plume 30 to 70 km north of Berlin in the lee of the city was detected. The ozone mixing ratio inside the plume was app. 15 ppb higher than outside, mainly caused by high ozone precursor emissions in Berlin, resulting in a net chemical ozone production of 6.5 ppb h^–1, which overcompensates ozone advection of –3.6 ppb h^–1 andturbulent diffusion of –1.1 ppb h^–1. That means, although moreozone leaves the control volume far in the lee of Berlin than enters it at the leeside cityborder and although turbulent diffusion causes a loss of ozone in the leeside control volume the chemical production inside the volume leads to a net ozone increase. Using a semi-Lagrangian mass budget method to estimate the net ozone production, 5.0 ppb h^–1 are calculated for theplume. This means a fraction of about 20% of ozone in the plume is producedby local emissions, therefore called `home made' by the Berlin emissions. For the same area KAMM/DRAIS simulations using an observation based initialisation, results in a net production rate between 4.0 and 6.5 ppbh^–1, while the threefold nested EURAD model gives 6.0 ppbh^–1. The process analysis indicates in many cases goodagreement (10% or better) between measurements and simulations not only in the ozone concentrations but also with respect to the physical and chemical processes governing the total change. Remaining differences are caused by different resolution in time and space of the models and measurements as well as by errors in the emission calculation.The upwind-downwind differences in PAN concentrations are partly similar to those of ozone, because in the BERLIOZ case they are governed mainly by photochemical production. While in the stable boundary layer at night and windward of Berlin 0.1 to 0.3 ppb are detected, in the centre of the plume at noon concentrations between 0.75 ppb and 1.0 ppb are measured. The O₃/PAN ratio is about 80 to 120 and thus due to the relatively lowPAN concentrations significantly higher than found in previous studies. The low PAN formation on 20 July, was mainly restricted by the moderate nonmethane hydrocarbon levels, whereas high PAN concentrations of 3.0 ppb on 21 July, are caused by local production in the boundary layer and by large scale advection aloft.