青海省东部农业区冰雹天气特征分析及预警指标研究

采用青海省东部农业区14个地面气象站冰雹观测资料，对2003-2017年青海东部农业区冰雹天气进行特征分析，利用天气雷达、高空、雷电观测资料对2003-2017年青海东部农业区20例典型冰雹天气个例进行分析研究。得出：(1)冰雹和雹灾集中出现在每年5-9月，冰雹天气7月最多，冰雹成灾8月最多。(2)0 ℃层高度变化对冰雹融化作用不明显；高空垂直风切变比对流有效位能更有指示意义。(3)冰雹雷达回波顶高普遍大于10 km，冰雹直径与回波顶高的线性相关强于冰雹直径与强回波中心高度的线性相关；垂直累积液态水含量普遍大于20 kg?m-2且垂直累积液态水含量增量大于10 kg?m-2时易发生雹灾；风暴顶部辐散正负速度差值对雹灾预警有指示意义，但与冰雹直径无明显相关性。(4)不同冰雹云产生的闪电频次差别很大，同一雹云相同时间内正闪次数越多，则降雹直径越大。利用以上结论统计得出冰雹预警指标、权重和预警区间，通过对预警指标进行历史回代和预报检验，历史回代拟合率达86.9％，预警准确率为80％。     

Simplified Dynamic Models of Grass Field Ecosystem

Some simplified dynamic models of grass field ecosystem are developed and investigated. The maximum simpli-fied one consists of two variables, living grass biomass and soil wetness. The analyses of such models show that there exists only desert regime without grasses if the precipitation p is less than a critical value pc; the grass biomass continuously depends on p if the interaction between grass biomass and the soil wetness is weak, but the strong interaction results in the bifurcation of grass biomass in the vicinity of pc; the grass biomass is rich as p > pc, but it becomes desertification as p < pc. Periodic solutions also exist in the model, if the seasonal cycle of model’s parameters is introduced. An improved model consists of three variables, i.e. the living grass biomass x, the nonliving grass biomass accumulated on the ground surface y and the soil wetness z. The behaviours of such three variables model are more complicated. The initial values of y and z play a very important role.     

我国亚热带低山丘陵地区农业结构调整—以江苏省宜兴市南部为例

以宜兴市南部为例,本文采用Weaver组合指数法,分析土地类型结构与农业生产结构的天系,以及土地利用中存在的问题,提出农业生产结构的调整方案,并对我国亚热带低山丘陵地区农业结构调整的若干问题作了讨论。     

Numerical analysis of the source-sink alternation of composite global warming potential of the paddy ecosystem in the Yangtze Delta

The three important greenhouse gases, namely CO2, CH4 and N2O[1,2], participate in the process of carbon and nitrogen cycling in the paddy field simultaneously. CO2 is assimilated by rice through photosynthesis, which means the paddy field is the sink of …     

'Cultures of GM': discourses of risk and labelling of GMOs in the UK and EU

The debate over genetically modified foods has become one of the defining environmental and social issues of the past decade. As the public naturalize biotechnology within existing cultural systems, this produces what I term 'cultures of GM'. This paper examines how these 'cultures' are legitimized and sustained through an appraisal of divergent North American and European conceptions of risk and their translation into food labelling policies. It is argued that the dialectical relationship between risk perception and its cultural context offers an instructive vantage point for critical reflection by geographers.     

广东交通建设占用耕地的特征及其趋势预测

1990～2000年是广东省交通建设大发展时期和耕地减少的高峰期。通过对这一时段的分析,发现交通建设占用耕地已成为广东省非农建设占用耕地的主要成分和耕地减少的一大因素。在空间分布特征上,利用土地扩展集中指数和扩展强度两个指标进行计算分析,结果是广东省交通占用耕地分布区域不均匀,扩展区域主要集中于清远、广州等市;而占用最为严重的地区是深圳和汕头两市。根据广东交通发展的需要,预测到2030年,全省由于交通建设还需占用土地118295.26hm2。     

农情遥感信息与其他农情信息的对比分析

农情信息多种多样 ,来源不同 ,分散于各个部门或单位 ,缺乏相互交换与验证 ,综合分析与集成不够 ,特别是遥感信息为经济领域决策服务的渠道不通畅。为更好地应用各种信息 ,必须加强信息综合分析。对耕地面积、作物面积、作物单产、作物长势、粮食产量等几种农情信息中不同来源的信息进行了初步对比分析 ,肯定了遥感监测农情信息在客观性、时空连续性、可对比与可预测、低成本等几个方面的优势 ,同时也分析了遥感信息的不足和局限。认为遥感信息与其他信息不是互相替代的关系 ,而是互相补充、互相验证的关系。只有通过多源农情信息的综合分析和集成 ,才能更全面准确地反映农情。     

The causes and environmental effects of land use conversion during agricultural restructuring in Northeast China

1IntroductionLand use change has received lots of attention internationally (Turner etal., 1994). Understanding of the mechanism of land use change and its adverse effect on the environment is conducive to understanding of population, resources, environment and sustainable economic development on the global, national and regional scales. With the rapid rise in human population, human-induced changes in land use form an important component of regional environmental change. In China, to emphasi…     

浅析制种玉米在实际生产中遇到的几个问题

结合制种玉米的气候适宜性特征，从农业气象学角度对实际生产中遇到的几个问题做出了客观分析并提出针对性的生产建议。     

草原生态系统对气候变化和CO2浓度升高的响应

近年来,全球变化和区域响应已成为生态学、植物学、地学和农学的研究热点之一。全球变化引起全球温度升高、降水格局发生变化和土地利用方式改变，研究草原生态系统对全球变化的响应与适应是了解发展和预测陆地生态系统与全球变化相互关系的重要方面。文章对近十年来国内外在CO₂浓度升高、温度增加、水分变化等方面对草原生态系统影响的研究进行了评述, 以期加深草原生态系统对全球变化响应的理解，启发研究思路, 激发兴趣。最后提出了应着重加强研究的8个科学问题。