从遥感考古走向空间考古——文化遗产保护时代的新任务

基于遥感考古发展历程与主要进展分析,提出从遥感考古走向空间考古的认识,构划空间考古内涵、主要研究内容与实验区选择。空间考古既是适应文化遗产保护需求的新任务、新发展与新使命,也是文化、科学与技术融合发展的一支新学科,将促进“一带一路”的建设,并为提升中国参与全球治理软实力贡献力量。     

论贵州省地质公园的建设和发展

地质公园在强化地质遗迹保护、深化地质科学研究、推进地学科普教育、促进地区经济发展起着积极作用,本文在分析贵州省地质遗迹分布特征、地质公园建设资源条件的基础上,探讨了贵州省地质公园建设与发展的方向和途径,以期使富有内涵和特色的地质公园在国土资源经济中发挥更大作用。     

浅论栖霞市地质遗迹资源的保护和利用

栖霞市是烟台地区唯一的内陆县级市,独特的地理优势造就了丰富的地质遗迹资源,包括典型的花岗岩地貌、岱崮地貌、丰富的地热资源、更新世化石遗址、矿冶遗址、地质灾害遗迹、地质构造形迹等。通过对该地区地质遗迹资源保护工作中存在问题的分析,提出了正确处理地质遗迹资源区旅游与保护的关系。     

神奇美丽的横断山:地壳演化塑造的奇迹——“三江并流”世界自然遗产地形成地质背景浅析

三江并流是反映地球演化主要阶段的杰出代表,区内保存着反映特提斯演化不同阶段和喜马拉雅期陆内造山阶段留下的丰富的地质遗迹,这些地质遗迹为解读三江并流地壳演化的历史提供了重要的依据。有关资料表明,三江并流是与青藏高原和横断山脉一起发育成长起来的,它们均经历了特提斯的演化,并且都是印度板块与欧亚板块强烈碰撞造山作用的产物。本文比较详细地介绍了横断山脉的形成演化过程及其与青藏高原形成演化之间的关系。     

云南石林喀斯特小生境木本植物多样性特征

喀斯特生境与生物多样性的关系及对人为干扰的响应是喀斯特生态恢复的重要内容。以石林世界地质公园为例对此进行研究。从喀斯特溶痕与植物生长发育关系角度看,石林的小生境可分出节理溶沟、裂隙溶沟、楔状槽沟、深溶蚀坑、溶蚀石堆、浅溶蚀盘、溶蚀穿洞、溶蚀井或圆形溶槽和溶蚀廊道等9种。这些小生境的长度在31~340 cm,宽度在10~261 cm。在原生林、次生林、灌丛和灌丛草地等四个群落中调查了各个小生境的木本植物,共记录40科92种,个体数11420株,其中以溶蚀廊道的木本植物总数最多,溶蚀穿洞最少。物种和数量保持最稳定的小生境是溶蚀石堆和裂隙溶沟。各小生境群落间的物种相似性指数很低。裂隙溶沟、深溶蚀坑、楔状槽沟、溶蚀石堆等小生境在人为强烈干扰后,仍保留有部分乡土植物繁殖体,其他小生境缺乏,这些繁殖体对生态严重退化区的喀斯特植被恢复具有重要意义。喀斯特生境的尺度影响森林植被的自然恢复。保护喀斯特地质遗迹可以促进生物多样性恢复和保护,石林世界地质公园提供了例证。     

新疆非物质文化遗产分布特征及旅游活化机制研究

以新疆非物质文化遗产资源为研究对象,基于实地调研与文献史料,系统分析了新疆非遗旅游活化发展现状、模式及存在的问题,并运用GIS空间分析技术探索新疆非遗的空间分布特征,借助SPSS软件探析了非遗与旅游发展之间的相关关系,进而归纳了非遗旅游活化发展的机制与模式。结果表明：（1） 新疆非遗资源类型结构、数量分布具有较为显著的差异化特征。新疆非遗旅游活化发展态势良好,且活化模式逐渐多元化。（2） 国家级非遗与自治区级非遗在省域空间层面以极核区、高度密集区、次级密集区和面状区域为主要分布特征,呈现出不均衡的集聚特征格局。（3） 不同地区的非遗资源丰裕度对旅游业发展有显著的正向影响,非遗资源密集地区的旅游业发展水平相对较好,而非遗资源稀缺地区的旅游发展相对缓慢。依据上述分析结果,提出新疆非遗旅游活化发展机制,以旅游为载体对文化遗产进行活化,推动非遗与旅游的良性互动发展。     

Ten Years of GIAHS Development in Japan

Approximately ten years have passed since Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) was introduced to Japan in 2011, with 11 GIAHS sites designated so far. The Japan Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (J-NIAHS), which considers resilience, multi-stakeholder participation and sixth industrialization, was subsequently established in 2016, and has designated 15 J-NIAHS sites. GIAHS sites can be classified into three major types: Landscape, farming method, and genetic resource conservation types, and most Japanese GIAHS sites are of the landscape type. Since there is almost no national subsidy for GIAHS or J-NIAHS, designated sites are expected to secure funding for conservation from their own efforts. For this reason, a voluntary network of the Japanese GIAHS sites has been active in promoting cooperation on GIAHS conservation. The priorities of the Japanese GIAHS have focused on raising public awareness about GIAHS and J-NIAHS, improving livelihoods, as well as fostering the international exchange of experience and knowledge regarding Agricultural Heritage Systems, especially among Japan, China and Korea.     

自然保护地旅游人地关系演进过程研究——以博格达为例

Protected areas have a double mandate of both "protection" and "use." Naturebased tourism is considered an effective tool in terms of environmental conservation. Understanding the causes and consequences of a spatiotemporal succession of tourism construction is an important channel to explore the changes of tourism-environment interaction in the protected area. To analyze the spatio-temporal variations in tourism construction lands, we adopted Mt. Bogda as an example. We systematically quantified the interaction between these changes and environmental variables and explored the evolution process of tourism-environment interaction of the mountainous protected area in the northwest arid region. Our results revealed the following:(1) In the Bogda protected area, the proportion of tourism construction lands first appeared to be increasing, then decreasing dramatically, and finally growing slowly. The spatial expansion of tourism construction lands followed the "core-periphery" pattern, respectively showing shapely infilling, reasonable agglomeration, barycenter shift, and outlying growth from 1990 to 2018 as the stages of concentrating on the core.(2) The higher land-use intensity of tourism construction drove the changes of landscape fragmentation, diversity, stability, primitive, and nature degree in the protected area. The coupling coordination between tourism and the environment in the Bogda area decreased at first, and then slowly increased. Meanwhile, tourism did not cause irreversible damage to the natural environment, and the coupling coordination degree between tourism and the environment was still in the state of balanced development. It expressed the states of original balanced, development exceeds environment and barely balanced, and superiorly balanced. The historical evolution of tourism-environment interaction in Bogda reflects the pattern of periodic changes in China’s protected areas to a certain extent.