空间视角下丝绸之路文化遗产廊道构建研究

在国家“一带一路”建设背景下,以丝绸之路甘肃段为例,对该区域文化遗产进行数理统计和描述,采取最邻近距离指数和区位熵模型对文化遗产空间分布进行测度,对文化遗产廊道空间范围构成和区域遗产要素空间分布特征进行了讨论,并借助GIS软件分析了遗产廊道的空间布局,从空间视角,提出了从“点、线、面”三个不同层次组合丝绸之路甘肃段文化遗产廊道,并依托不同项目、不同方法以及不同思路对不同层次的遗产分门别类展开保护,最终达到了丝绸之路甘肃段遗产整体保护的战略目标,以实现区域文化、经济、社会、生态等协调发展的多重目标,为甘肃省进行“一带一路”建设提供智力支持。     

The Origin and Vision of National Cultural Park Management Policy in China

Research on the evolution of cultural policy is the key in the field of public policy study, and it is also an important means to solve the problems that have emerged in cultural heritage management. The National Cultural Park is an innovative cultural heritage protection system proposed by Chinese leaders within the context of national rejuvenation and building a culturally-strong country campaign. From the perspective of system evolution theory, this paper systematically sorts out the ideas behind international heritage management and the evolutionary process of the Cultural Relics Protection Unit system, in an effort to explore the origin, innovation and vision of the National Cultural Park System. A review of the international heritage documents revealed that the principle of heritage protection has developed from “authenticity” to “integrity”, and the focus of the protection object has also changed from “monism” to “diversity”, which provided a theoretical background for the burgeoning National Cultural Park. The Cultural Relics Protection Unit system has been promoted as the most crucial cultural heritage management system in China. Therefore, this study sheds light on the evolution and limitations of the system that lays a practical foundation for the National Cultural Park System. There have been three stages in the history of China’s National Cultural Relics Protection Unit, namely, the creation of the system (1956-1965), the survival crisis of the system (1966-1977), and the rebirth and development of the system (1978 to the present), in which the main driving concepts of China's cultural heritage management have been sequentially elucidated as simple protectionism, tolerant conservatism and comprehensive developmentalism, respectively. Since the establishment of China’s Cultural Relics Protection Unit system, tremendous progress has been made not only in the enlightenment of the public’s mindset and but also in the development of system and culture. However, the changes in the institutional environment gradually exposed its limitations regarding cultural relic management and value expression. The National Cultural Park System is the fruit created by the internal contradictions of the cultural heritage system itself and the evolution of heritage theory. Its biggest innovation lies in the two core connotations of “integrated protection” and “integrated development”. In the future, as the National Cultural Park management system matures, a Chinese cultural heritage management system will take shape in which the National Cultural Parks become dominant and various cultural resources are utilized. Finally, the National Cultural Park will become a symbol of Chinese culture and will be internalized into the common belief system of the Chinese nation.     

测绘地理信息技术在陕西省文物保护区划中的综合应用

近年来,随着国家对文化遗产的高度重视及城市的快速扩张,文物保护管理规划无法与城市规划对接,不利于文物保护与管理工作的开展。本文以陕西省文物保护区划项目为背景,选取铜川市延昌寺塔保护范围为试验区,对延昌寺塔保护区划进行实测,并结合无人机航测、三维激光扫描、三维地理信息系统等现代测绘地理信息技术手段,探讨综合现代地理信息技术方法在文物"两线"精准划定中的作用与优势。通过本文的研究示范,为提升文物保护规划权威性,提高文物管理水平提供了新思路,其技术方法及手段可以在同类项目中推广应用。     

江苏盐城滨海湿地系统格局变化及其对丹顶鹤生境的影响

世界遗产地江苏盐城滨海湿地是亚洲最重要的丹顶鹤越冬栖息地之一,近几十年来,由于农业、工业、水产养殖业及城镇化等人类活动的加强,湿地系统的格局发生了巨大变化,丹顶鹤适宜生境出现急剧退化。本研究利用1989年—2019年间的多时相遥感数据对盐城滨海湿地进行分类,分析湿地系统的格局变化及丹顶鹤生境连接度的动态变化。研究结果表明,过去30年盐城滨海湿地中自然湿地呈现快速退化,其面积减少49.46%;而人工湿地面积增长69.24%,其面积增加主要通过占用自然湿地和围垦填海的方式来实现,围垦重心具有自北向南和从陆到海方向迁移的趋势。其中,作为丹顶鹤适宜生境的碱蓬盐沼和盐碱地的面积减少了489.10 km2,适宜生境面积占比从1989年19.88%降至2019年4.36%。结构连接度计算结果显示,适宜生境斑块的连接度指数从1.83下降至1.30,斑块间距离增大,破碎化加剧;而功能连接度的计算结果显示,2019年整体连接度指数和概率连接度指数均小于0.01,连接网络总体破碎,适宜生境连接网络存在于小区域范围,区域连接网络主要集中在中介度指数高的遗产地核心区和条子泥湿地,它们是丹顶鹤适宜生境的关键节点。遗产地核心区自2014年实行退耕还湿、退渔还湿等措施以来,丹顶鹤适宜生境有了很大改善。建议除了加强对现有丹顶鹤适宜生境区域的科学保护外,应加大对关键节点自然湿地的恢复力度,提高丹顶鹤适宜生境斑块间的连接度。     

Narratives of the Mother Road: Geographic Themes Along Route 66

One of the most culturally significant roads in the world, U.S. Highway 66 (commonly referred to as Route 66) has connected Chicago and Los Angeles since 1926. In order to explore what heritage themes Route 66 sites convey to tourists, we assessed the information presented to visitors at nearly four‐dozen museums and interpretive sites astride the road using the qualitative software Nvivo 10. Five themes dominate interpretation. Route 66 thematically flows east to west with Chicago as the beginning and Los Angeles as the end of the road. Mobility and personal freedom of movement via the automobile are encapsulated in the history of the road. In addition, Route 66 highlights nostalgia for the 1950s with classic American automobiles, music of the era, and neon lights representing this golden age of the highway. Economic decline, and often the economic continuity of communities, is frequently found in interpretive materials. Finally, Route 66 museums are repositories of community memory as oral histories preserve the narratives of individuals and families who owned businesses on and lived near the road for multiple decades. We conclude with several observations about interpretative themes that are overlooked as well as regional differences in the geography of memory along Route 66.     

乡村类世界遗产地的内涵及旅游利用

作为全人类科研、教育、游览、启智等活动的场所,乡村类世界遗产地如何通过旅游实现遗产保护与利用双赢是遗产地管理的重要问题。乡村类世界遗产地是指凝结了具有世界性突出的普遍价值的民居建筑、乡村聚落、村落布局、土地永续使用方式、产业活动、民间习俗、手工技艺、文化节事等要素的地域综合体。由于各遗产地所体现的主体景观和遗产价值差异,乡村类世界遗产地应包括历史村落型和产业景观型两类。因为兼具世界遗产和乡村地域的共同特征,乡村类世界遗产地旅游资源独特,吸引力强。在梳理乡村类世界遗产地内涵的基础上,分析了此类遗产地作为旅游资源的特点,并提出旅游利用原则及相应途径。     

Cultural industries, information technology and the regeneration of post-industrial urban landscapes. Poblenou in Barcelona - a virtual city?

In a former industrial part of Barcelona, as in the de-industrialising neighbourhoods of many big cities, the ‘new’ economy and the ‘cultural’ economy have started to replace the ‘old’ economy, bringing new life into a declining district but also causing conflicts of land use, housing or the preservation of architectural heritage. The latter is an important part of regeneration and marketing policies of city governments, whereby the ‘new’ economy not only emerges from the old but the physical space of the old industrial quarter becomes the tool and setting in which the city can re-present itself and its success story of transformation and regeneration. Through the increasing use of information and communication technologies, which are at the same time driving this transformation - an industry as such as well as business-aid in various sectors, cultural industries in particular - the city has acquired a second, virtual presence. The city exists and ‘lives’ on numerous websites. Those by city government and city organisations often have the express purpose of marketing and presenting the city, while those by (cultural) businesses and other organisations in the district add to the mosaic of the virtual city. As a result, the old industrial space continues to live and be productive, its economic value having changed largely into a cultural value. This coexistence of the real and the virtual, old and new, also meets with a conflict at certain junctures. There is the positive representation of plans and events on the city's websites on the one hand, and the undercurrent of protest and disenchantment among the local population who find themselves marginalised from the profits and success of development, on the other. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

三维激光扫描测量技术在古建筑维修保护中的应用

目前我国的许多古建筑维修、保护工程中缺少建筑物结构图、破坏程度评估困难等问题,因此急需一种快速而全面的建筑物测量手段。三维激光扫描技术作为一种快速、非接触、高精度的测量方法,满足古建筑维修保护中的测量要求。本文通过研究三维激光扫描测量技术在古建筑维修与保护工程中的使用案例,讨论该技术在我国古建筑维修保护中的使用方式与方法,详细介绍三维激光用于古建筑扫描中的勘查、实施、点云处理及建模中的具体步骤和注意事项。本文的介绍有助于汶川大地震后四川和我国其他地区古建筑维修保护工程中对建筑物测量的实施。     

Sustainable geotourism using digital technologies along a rural georoute in Monsagro (Salamanca,Spain)

ABSTRACT

Rural geotourism looks at the natural resources of the territory as a means of promoting a specialized, educational, sustainable tourism. This is an increasingly sought-after activity. This paper presents a rural georoute across a high mountain village, highlighting the remarkable value of the geological heritage of biological trace fossils and physical sedimentary structures exposed on street pavements and façades of houses. A series of tourist georesources were created and implemented: educational and interpretive panels, videos, QR codes, geoapps and games, all of which promote and disseminate the exceptional geological content and the history of the earth through the use of new technologies (smartphones, ipod, etc.). All this is intended as a means to make geotourism a natural tourism, favoring experiences, whilst explaining the natural environment and its temporal and spatial dimensions, offering opportunities for socio-economic development and job creation in rural areas with problems of depopulation.     

国内外工业遗产再利用比较研究

国内对于工业遗产的再利用研究目前仍然主要集中在介绍国际经验上,是单方向的吸收,但实际情况是,国内经过多年的发展,在工业遗产再利用方面已经进行了一定时间和程度的实践,研究也不应仅局限于单方面的介绍和“引进”,双方面的对比和总结更有利于准确而全面地找出中外差距。本文通过归纳并分析国内外各类文献、媒体资料,将国际工业遗产再利用的模式分为整体再利用和单体再利用两大模式,并基于功能角度又将单体再利用模式分为六类。接着,归纳总结了国内工业遗产再利用的四种主要模式;最后,通过对比分析,找出我国在工业遗产再利用过程中存在的褐色土地问题治理欠缺等四个主要问题。