一种基于三部图网络的协同过滤算法

推荐系统是电子商务领域最重要的技术之一,而协同过滤算法又是推荐系统用得最广泛的.提出了一种基于加权三部图网络的协同过滤算法,用户、产品及标签都被考虑到算法中,并且研究了标签结点的度对用户相似性计算的影响.实验结果表明,此算法在解决用户冷启动问题的同时,还具有较高的推荐准确性.     

局地相似性关系在城市边界层中的适用性验证

利用中国科学院大气物理研究所325 m铁塔在2003年8月期间47和120 m高度上的湍流观测资料,对局地相似性关系在城市边界层的适用性进行了检验。结果表明：47 m高度仍属于城市冠层之上的近地面常通量层,莫宁－奥布霍夫相似性关系基本适用。但120 m高度则基本属于近地面层与自由对流层之间的过渡高度,在该处,相似性关系部分适用。同时,给出了不同的层结稳定度条件下47和120 m高度上的无量纲速度和温度标准差与稳定度之间的局地相关表达式。     

Flux-Variance Method for Latent Heat and Carbon Dioxide Fluxes in Unstable Conditions

Applied previously to momentum and heat fluxes, the present study extends the flux-variance method to latent heat and CO₂ fluxes in unstable conditions. Scalar similarity is also examined among temperature (θ), water vapour (q), and CO₂ (c). Temperature is adopted as the reference scalar, leading to two feasible strategies to estimate latent heat and CO₂ fluxes: the first one relies on flux-variance similarity relations for scalars, while the second is based on the parameterization of relative transport efficiency in terms of scalar correlation coefficient and a non-dimensional quantity. The relationship between the θ-to-q transport efficiency (λ _{θ q} ) and θ-q correlation coefficient (R _{θ q} ) is used to describe the intermediate hydrological conditions. We also parameterize the θ-to-c transport efficiency (λ _{θ c} ) as a function of the θ-c correlation coefficient (R _{θ c} ) by introducing a new non-dimensional ratio (α). The flux-variance method is a viable technique for flux gap-filling, when turbulence measurements of wind velocity are not available. It is worth noting that the extended method is not exempt from a correction for density effects when used for estimating water or carbon exchange.     

广西6月区域性暴雨过程的延伸预测试验

应用NCEP/NCAR的1958-2008年3～6月的逐日20时SLP、850 hPa、700 hPa、500 hPa环流场再分析资料,选取覆盖广西区域的16个格点进行Lamb环流分型,分析造成广西区域性暴雨的主导系统.利用动态相似集成预测方法,制作延伸期内区域性暴雨过程预测.2003-2008年6月的实际预测结果检验表明,预测准确率可达70%,为短期气候过程预测提出了一个新的方法.     

形势场相似计算方案的比较研究

结合天气分析方法,对常用的形势场相似算法效果进行了对比分析,结果表明:"相关系数"是较好的"形"相似判据;对经向和纬向分别计算相似度可以发掘出更多有预报参考价值的信息;另外,对相似计算方案的边界条件及执行效率等问题也作了探讨.     

The Influence of Transient Flow Distortion on Turbulence in Stable Weak-Wind Conditions

Transport by very weak turbulence near the surface, particularly with strong stratification, often violates existing similarity theory due partly to transient distortion of the wind profile by nonstationary mesoscale motions. This problem is examined with 4 months of flux data at seven levels on a 30-m tower. Difficulties with calculation of fluxes and shear with weak winds and weak turbulence are examined. The distortion of the wind profile assumes a wide variety of forms, but sometimes occurs with a transient wind maximum in the lowest 10 m. Though the vertical mixing of momentum is weak for weak-wind nonstationary conditions, it is often more efficient than predicted by existing similarity theory. In fact for weak-wind stable conditions, the flux-gradient relationship depends more on the curvature of the wind profile than the value of the stability parameter. This statistical study suggests a new direction for future work, but does not unravel the physics of the complex and varied structure for stratified weak-wind conditions.     

Local Similarity in the Stable Boundary Layer and Mixing-Length Approaches: Consistency of Concepts

In stably stratified flows vertical movement of eddies is limited by the fact that kinetic energy is converted into potential energy, leading to a buoyancy displacement scale z _B . Our new mixing-length concept for turbulent transport in the stable boundary layer follows a rigid-wall analogy, in the sense that we assume that the buoyancy length scale is similar to neutral length scaling. This implies that the buoyancy length scale is: ℓ _B  = κ _B z _B , with κ _B ≈ κ, the von Karman constant. With this concept it is shown that the physical relevance of the local scaling parameter z/Λ naturally appears, and that the α coefficient of the log-linear similarity functions is equal to c/κ ², where c is a constant close to unity. The predicted value α ≈ 1/κ ² = 6.25 lies within the range found in observational studies. Finally, it is shown that the traditionally used inverse linear interpolation between the mixing length in the neutral and buoyancy limits is inconsistent with the classical log-linear stability functions. As an alternative, a log-linear consistent interpolation method is proposed.     

洋山港海域与长江口相似性研究

根据洋山港海域的水文泥沙观测资料和长江口的研究文献分析，洋山港海域与长江口存在较多相似现象。2者均存在滞流区现象是产生其它相似现象的根本原因。即高悬沙浓度区分布特征，表层沉积特征和浅滩区分布特征的相似性是滞流区现象的衍生效应。洋山港海域与长江口的诸多相似现象揭示：（1）滞流区的动力平衡作用是最大浑浊带和拦门沙浅滩形成的主导因素；（2）滞沙区通常位于滞流区地形束窄一侧；（3）滞流区的细颗粒物质沉积区与滞流点位置（或滞流区形态）有着较为一致的吻合性，洋山港海域与长江口区间属于未来开发的热点地区，对2者的相似现象开展深入的研究将有着较深的理论和实际意义。     

Experimental studies of focal mechanism based on the dynamic process of energy release

5 Conclusions Studies on the similarities between the energy release on the surface of the shape memory alloy and the strong seismic activities in China lead to the possibilities that the results obtained from the observations and experiments of the energy release phenomenon in the shape memory alloy are promisingly useful in the seismic research area. This method can be realistically significant to the studies of the seismogenic mechanisms (especially for the short-impending characters), the prediction of the strong seismic activity and the seismogenic model. This subject is supported by the State Seismological Bureau under the contract number 85-04-7-6, and by the National Natural Science Foundation.     

五种短期气候预测统计模型的研制

根据“九五”贵州短期气候预测研究课题总体安排，研制了一套短期气候预测模型，并建立了5种统计模型；逐步回归预报模型、多因子综合相关相似预报模型、500hPa环流相似预报模型、北太平洋海温相似预报模型、贵州分区RT在归预报模型。各预报模型的建模样本年限为1957－1996年，独立试报期为1997年及其以后年份。每一个预报模型均可在每月作出其后6个月的逐月雨量和平均气温预报、其后3个季度的季雨量及气温预报气候灾害指数预报。经1997－2000年试报表明，各项报模型对预报较以往公开发布的月雨量和月平均气温业务预报无论在趋势预报评分或技巧评分上均有明显提高。