三维GIS支持下的实景融合系统设计与实现

视频监控在安防领域的应用日益广泛,但传统的分镜头监控模式具有画面相互孤立、缺乏关联性的应用局限.针对这一问题本文分析了实时监控视频在三维场景中融合展示的难点问题,设计了基于三维GIS的实景融合系统.系统通过视觉特征匹配计算视频投射视角,针对球机设备研究了虚实场景视频联动投射的方法,并通过服务化配置的方式进行数据的加载....     

我国中心城市货运外向服务功能空间体系

以中国地级以上城市为研究样本, 将货运量作为切入点, 把城市流模型改造为城市货运外向服务功能模型, 应用ArcGIS空间分析手段, 测算各城市水陆空等不同运输方式货运外向服务功能。对1989年和2008年的数据和计算结果进行对比, 揭示货运外向服务功能在中国城市体系中的空间分布规律和等级结构, 考察各城市在整个国家层面和所在区域货运空间联系中的地位和作用。结果表明:(1),我国中心城市货运外向服务功能北方分布广, 南方强度高, 以城市群为单位的外向货运密集区优势明显。(2),东部沿海省市的城市货运外向服务价值比重在近20年明显下降, 但相应货运比重上升, 表明其大宗货物运输的外向服务占全国比重明显上升。(3),不同运输方式的城市货运外向服务格局差异很大, 并在国际、区际、城市群和市域等不同空间尺度上的运输联系职能上形成分工。(4),中心城市物流外向服务能力可分为国家中心、跨区域(副)中心、省域(副)中心、(跨)市域中心四个功能等级。我国中心城市货运外向服务能力受多种复杂因素综合影响, 与城市GDP及货运规模成正比, 受区位熵反映的经济区位和运输区位影响很大, 与不同方式货运结构及运输距离密切相关。     

Using a Huff-Based Model to Delineate Hospital Service Areas

Hospital service areas (HSAs) are increasingly adopted as a basic analysis unit for health care studies. The popular Dartmouth HSAs were produced more than two decades ago, and the process was far from automated. This research uses a Huff-based model automated in a geographic information systems (GIS) environment to delineate HSAs. Based on the Florida State Inpatient Database (SID) in 2011, a best-fitting distance decay function is derived from the actual travel patterns of hospitalization and then fed into the Huff model to strengthen the model's theoretical foundation in individual spatial behavior. The HSAs derived from the Huff-based model are then compared to the traditional flow-based HSAs defined by the Dartmouth method and assessed in terms of self-containment and heterogeneity of internal socioeconomic structure and urbanicity. The Huff-based model requires fewer data and is easy to implement as an automated toolkit and thus has great potential for replication in other regions to define large-scale and consistent HSAs.     

Spatial and temporal variations of spatial population accessibility to public hospitals: a case study of rural–urban comparison

Quantification and assessment of nationwide population access to health-care services is a critical undertaking for improving population health and optimizing the performance of national health systems. Rural–urban unbalance of population access to health-care services is widely involved in most of the nations. This unbalance is also potentially affected by varied weather and road conditions. This study investigates the rural and urban performances of public health system by quantifying the spatiotemporal variations of accessibility and assessing the impacts of potential factors. Australian health-care system is used as a case study for the rural–urban comparison of population accessibility. A nationwide travel time-based modified kernel density two-step floating catchment area (MKD2SFCA) model is utilized to compute accessibility of travel time within 30, 60, 120, and 240 min to all public hospitals, hospitals that provide emergency care, and hospitals that provide surgery service, respectively. Results show that accessibility is varied both temporally and spatially, and the rural–urban unbalance is distinct for different types of hospitals. In Australia, from the perspective of spatial distributions of health-care resources, spatial accessibility to all public hospitals in remote and very remote areas is not lower (and may even higher) than that in major cities, but the accessibility to hospitals that provide emergency and surgery services is much higher in major cities than other areas. From the angle of temporal variation of accessibility to public hospitals, reduction of traffic speed is 1.00–3.57% due to precipitation and heavy rain, but it leads to 18–23% and 31–50% of reduction of accessibility in hot-spot and cold-spot regions, respectively, and the impact is severe in New South Wales, Queensland, and Northern Territory during wet seasons. Spatiotemporal analysis for the variations of accessibility can provide quantitative and accurate evidence for geographically local and dynamic strategies of allocation decision-making of medical resources and optimizing health-care systems both locally and nationally.     

旱涝监测及其图形分析系统

旱涝监测及其图形分析系统在Windows平台上,应用Borland C和Foxpro等语言混合编写而成,采用下拉式和弹出式中文菜单提示,界面友好。系统软件结构合理,操作灵活方便。系统建立了逐旬降水量、气温、旱涝等级等历史资料数据库,实现了旱涝信息的统计、检索、列表显示和图形分析显示等功能,能实时、有效地监测旱涝气候灾害的发生、发展,为有关部门部署抗旱防洪决策提供科学依据。     

交通气象服务效益评估——以沪宁高速公路为例

将支付意愿法与结构方程模型相结合,应用路径分析的方法评估沪宁高速公路的气象服务效益值。首先按照支付意愿法设计调查问卷,实地发放并回收240份问卷;然后构建了结构方程模型,提出系列假设,绘制变量间的因果关系图,测算各变量与气象服务效益值之间的相关关系值,得到有益的结论:沪宁公路老客户和驾龄长的司机,更愿意支付气象服务费用;提高气象服务质量能提高司机的支付意愿。     

长江航运气象预报预警服务系统设计与应用

为面向长江航运开展可视化气象保障服务,本文设计了天气通航等级来表征天气对航运的影响,给出了应用沿江气象实况监测、网格预报、服务预警信息,计算航运调度管理和船舶行程规划两种服务场景下天气通航等级的具体算法和应用天气通航等级开展智能航运气象服务的方法,介绍了基于天气通航等级的长江航运气象预报预警服务系统的总体设计、主要产品、系统功能和主要特点,并结合航运气象服务发展,探讨了系统未来的改进方向。     

条件价值评估法在公众气象效益评估中的应用研究

条件价值评价法（CVM）是目前生态（环境）经济学中最重要的和应用最为广泛的公共所有物价值的一种评估方法,对自然资源价值进行量化评估方面具有独特的优势,通过问卷调查反映环境影响下的价值问题,是一种理论化极强的评价方法。现将该方法应用到公共气象服务效益评估建模中,在考虑CVM不确定性因素的前提下,对公众气象服务效益进行评估,构建公众气象服务效益评估二分Logistic模型,并与传统的自愿付费法进行比较。采用全国抽样问卷调查数据量化结果比较表明,用二分Logistic模型对全国公众气象服务效益进行定量评估会更客观。     

中国滑坡遥感

我国滑坡遥感已有20多a的历史,作为区域性滑坡宏观调查的主要手段曾为山区大型工程建设的滑坡灾害调查及防灾减灾工作 作出了重要贡献。上世纪末以来,由于采用了“数字滑坡技术”和高分辨率遥感数据,滑坡遥感成为能更准确的定性、定量的调查手 段,甚至可进行大型个体滑坡的详细调查和监测研究。“数字滑坡”技术的实现主要依赖于遥感技术、数字摄影测量及图像处理技术 、GIS技术和计算机技术的支持。该技术大致可分为3大部分： 滑坡基本信息获取、信息存贮和管理及专题服务技术。本文以三峡库 区、四川天台乡滑坡、金龙山滑坡及易贡滑坡遥感调查及监测说明“数字滑坡”技术的专题服务应用。     

隧道地质灾害超前预报的地震反射法

介绍了利用地震反射法进行隧道地质灾害超前探测的基本原理、观测方法,讨论了反射波时距曲线方程和特点以及实际应用中存在的主要问题和影响因素,指出采用地震反射法与工程地质调查法相结合可以提高超前探测的准确性和精度.