基于数据融合与地图合并技术的行政区划图更新与数字重建

行政区划图是地学研究中最为常用的空间数据.针对吉林省近年来行政区划多有变更的实际情况.吸纳地图合并技术和多源数据融合思想,利用ETM遥感数据.地形图、行政区划图等地图数据.矢量行政区划图数据,国家行政区划代码等国家标准,以及地方志等文本数据等多类型数据为数据源.更新吉林省2004年县级行政区划图矢量数据,数字重建乡镇行政区划图,所得数据精度较高.本研究旨在为相关研究提供行政区划空间数据.拓展地图合并技术和多源数据融合思想的应用领域.     

Statistical estimation of a shock center: Slate Islands astrobleme

Statistical models are proposed for the distribution of directions in three dimensions that are thought to point toward a single source. These models are based on the Fisher distribution. The method of maximum likelihood is used to obtain an estimate of position of the source and to provide corre-sponding confidence regions. When applied to shatter cone data from the Slate Islands, northern Lake Superior, the method yields estimates comparable with those obtained by Stesky and Halls (1982), as well as statistically valid confidence regions.     

1970—2016年阿尔金山冰川长度变化

长度是冰川的重要几何参数,对于认识冰川动态特征和模拟冰川厚度具有重要价值.基于阿尔金山第一次和第二次冰川编目数据及Landsat OLI遥感影像,利用冰川中流线方法提取了阿尔金山1970年、2010年和2016年的冰川长度数据,并结合气象资料分析了冰川长度对气候变化的响应.结果表明:2016年阿尔金山共有冰川507条,...     

Some approaches for location of centroids of quartz grain outlines to increase homology between Fourier amplitude spectra

The ability to test for similarities and differences among families of shapes by closed-form Fourier expansion is greatly enhanced by the concept of homology. Underlying this concept is the assumption that each term of a Fourier series, when compared to the same term in another series, represents the same thing. A method that ensures homology is one which minimizes the centering error, as reflected in the first harmonic term of the Fourier expansion. The problem is to chose a set of edge points derived from a much larger, but variable, number of edge points such that a valid homologous Fourier series can be calculated. Methods are reviewed and criteria given to define a proper solution. An algorithm is presented which takes advantage of the fact that minimization of the error term can be accomplished by minimizing the distance between the origin of the polar coordinate system in the calculation of the Fourier series and the shape centroid. The use of this algorithm has produced higher quality solutions for quartz grain provenance studies.     

惠民凹陷南坡煤型气有效供气中心分析

惠民凹陷南坡石炭－二叠系煤层分布广泛,厚度较大,为一套以潮坪－泻湖沉积为主的海陆交互相地层,其有机质属浅沼森林有机相和深沼芦苇有机相。生气模拟实验表明,太原组和山西组煤岩生气潜力分别达150mL/g有机碳和110mL/g有机碳,煤型气源岩经历了复杂的热演化过程,其有效二次生气时期为早第三纪至今,门限温度135℃,对应的埋深入4000m,有效供气中心位于济阳地堑东部和曲堤地垒东段, 生气强度一般达到（20－40）×10^8m^3/km^2。位于主导运聚方向上的曲堤地垒东段是今后勘探的重点目标。     

油气化探综合异常模糊划分动态聚类分级评价

通过选取描述油气化探综合异常的各种特征参量，借助模糊数学工具，利用最优聚类中心所具有的代表特征，建立分级指标，对油气化探综合进行分级评价。鄂尔多斯盆地油气化探综合异常的评价实例结果表明，利用油气化探综合异常各种特征参量进行动态聚类分级评价是可行的。     

中国西部环境与生态科学数据中心：面向西部环境与生态科学的数据集成与共享

国家自然科学基金委员会“中国西部环境与生态科学研究计划”自2001年启动以来,有力地推动了西部区域环境演化、陆地生态过程和人类活动对环境的影响等方面的研究,积累了丰富的基础数据。国家自然科学基金委员会“中国西部环境与生态科学数据中心”承担“西部计划”项目数据产出的收集、管理、集成,并面向西部环境与生态科学的各个领域提供科学数据服务。“西部数据中心”的总体框架是以“西部计划”和地球系统科学发展的科学需求为导向,建成以数据共享、知识积累、合作交流和数据科学为主要内容的集成平台,为“西部计划”多学科的交叉研究和成果的综合集成及地球科学发展的长远目标服务。以共建共享的指导思想集成针对西部环境与生态现状与变化的基础背景数据、环境与生态观测数据、模型数据集、数据工具及数据文档;并以完全与开放的数据共享原则为用户提供推送式数据服务。目前,“西部数据中心”已完成了数据共享平台、知识积累平台与合作交流平台的开发和集成,初步形成了科学数据平台,整理并发布了大量的西部环境生态科学所需的关键数据集。     

构造形成序列的砂箱实验研究──以黄骅盆地中区新生代构造为例

按照黄骅盆地中区典型构造剖面设计砂箱实验模型,实验结果表明,通过砂箱实验可以有效重现构造形成的过程和序列,黄骅盆地中区新生代构造形成序列是：歧东构造带、歧中构造带、自东构造带、新港断层带,在同一构造带中断层形成的总体顺序是北倾断层略早于南倾断层。     

利用部分投影的二维CT旋转中心偏移快速校正

现有的CT重建算法都依赖于转台旋转中心的准确定位,否则会引起重建图像的伪影。目前已有的旋转中心估计方法的共同特点是利用180°或360°的投影数据。获取这些投影,需要比较长的扫描时间,占用比较多的资源。为此,在平行束扫描和扇形束扫描两种情形下,本文提出利用部分视角的投影来对转台旋转中心进行快速定位的方法。在平行束情形,利用物体空间质心与投影空间的质心的对应关系定理,由60°的投影即可准确测量出旋转中心的位置。在扇形束情形,通过将扇形束投影重排成平行束投影,仍可由扇形角再进行60°的投影准确测量出旋转中心的位置。     

Centrifuge modeling of batter pile foundations under earthquake excitation

Although batter pile foundations are widely used in civil engineering structures, their behavior under seismic loadings is not yet thoroughly understood. This paper provides insights about the differences in the behavior of batter and vertical piles under seismic soil-pile-superstructure interaction. An experimental dynamic centrifuge program is presented, where the influences of the base shaking signal and the height of the gravity center of the superstructure are investigated. Various seismic responses are analyzed (displacement and rotation of the pile cap, total shear force at the pile cap level, overturning moment, residual bending moment, total bending moment and axial forces in piles). It is found that in certain cases batter piles play a beneficial role on the seismic behavior of the pile foundation system. The performance of batter piles depends not only on the characteristics of the earthquakes (frequency content and amplitude) but also on the type of superstructures they support. This novel experimental work provides a new experimental database to better understand the behavior of batter pile foundations in seismic regions.