我国地理学术期刊发展回顾与展望

全面回顾我国地理学术刊物近100年的发展历史,并将其划分为萌芽、快速发展、稳步发展、停滞、蓬勃发展3个阶段,对其各个阶段的发展概况和特点进行了剖析.在分析当前地理学术刊物发展现状的基础上,从实际出发,展望其未来发展态势.     

Industrial aquaculture and the politics of resignation

While neoliberalism is often framed as a withdrawal of the state, many scholars have noted that what is occurring is not so much a withdrawal, as a repositioning. Although many social services and regulatory functions once provided by government agencies have indeed been eroded, there has been a simultaneous channeling of new resources into other arenas, in an effort to create conditions in which private corporations can operate more profitably. This, however, often places the state in a contradictory position, simultaneously serving as regulator, investor, and development advocate for the private sector. This can become especially problematic in moments of ecological crisis when decisive and unbiased responses are needed. This paper explores these dynamics through an examination of the cycles of growth and crisis that have characterized the aquaculture industry on the south coast of Newfoundland since the late 1970s as well as the ongoing attempts by aquaculture advocates to characterize industrial-scale fish farming as a sustainable industry, despite evidence to the contrary.     

以综合思维引领丹霞地貌与旅游地理研究创新——彭华先生的地理学思想与学术贡献

彭华先生长期从事丹霞地貌和旅游地理研究,为中国丹霞事业和旅游发展做出了突出贡献,是“把论文写在祖国大地上”的科学家的典范。作为中国丹霞地貌研究国际化阶段的代表人物,彭华先生在丹霞地貌分类系统、丹霞地貌发育过程、国内外红层分布及其地貌发育的对比等方面开展了系列研究,同时,针对中国南方湿润环境下红层区严重的地貌灾害和荒漠化问题,用跨学科的思维和方法,开展了红层区地质构造—岩石特性—地貌发育—自然灾害—水土流失—生态退化—综合景观—社会经济发展之间相互关系的综合地理学研究实践,将原来的红层地表研究拓展为“地下+地表+地上”（红层的地质问题+地貌与土地问题+生态问题）的一体化研究,为丹霞地貌的未来研究指明了方向。彭华先生在旅游开发实践中不断总结新思想、新方法和新理论,在旅游地开发、旅游文化、城市旅游、区域旅游发展和旅游规划理论研究方面取得了大量成果,所提出的“大旅游”理念在学界有重要影响。在“大旅游”理念基础上提出的旅游系统及动力机制、旅游地发展阶段论、旅游开发与城市建设一体化、市场分类研究法、产品—需求对应分析法等理论,创新意义显著。彭华先生的学术研究典型体现了地理学的综合性思维和系统性思维。     

中国古地理学的定义、内容、特点和亮点

古地理学是研究地质历史时期和人类历史时期自然地理特征及其演化的科学。中国的古地理学主要来源于地层学、地史学、大地构造学、古生物学、沉积岩石学、自然地理学、第四纪地质学、人类历史地理学等。因此就相应地产生和形成了地层古地理学或地史古地理学、构造古地理学、生物古地理学、岩相古地理学或沉积古地理学、自然地理古地理学、第四纪古地理学、人类历史时期古地理学等古地理学分支学科。中国的古地理学有3个最主要的特点：第一,多科争艳,即各分支学科都已发展到了相当成熟的阶段,已呈现出百花齐放的大好形势;第二,一科领先,即岩相古地理学已发展到定量阶段,已形成了定量岩相古地理学,已居古地理学的领先地位;第三,探矿指南,即中国的古地理学尤其是岩相古地理学和定量岩相古地理学积极地和有效地为各种矿产资源尤其是油气资源的预测和勘探服务,并做出了巨大的贡献,这是中国古地理学兴旺发达的重要原因。中国的古地理学有两个亮点,即古地理学学术会议和《古地理学报》。全国性的古地理学学术会议已经开过10次,而且愈开愈好。《古地理学报》已创刊10年,已跻身于全国科技期刊的先进行列。此一会一刊极大地促进了中国古地理学的发展和创新。     

张其昀先生的区域地理学思想与成就

张其昀是中国近代科学地理学的创建者之一,为中国近代的地理学教育、人文地理学、政治地理学、历史地理学、区域地理学等的发展做出了卓越贡献.在区域地理学方面,他较早地将西方近代区域地理学作品介绍到国内,将"Regional Geography"翻译为"方志学",引入并阐释了西方区域地理学的概念、研究内容、研究方法等,并积极地...     

知识经济与高校图书馆读者教育

阐述了知识经济与信息传播的联系 ,以及高校图书馆作为知识的传授、创造基地在知识经济条件下所面临的挑战 ,强调了高校图书馆读者教育对于知识经济时代高校教育改革和全社会素质教育、终身教育的重要性 ,并对图书馆读者教育的内容和途径提出了一些建议     

城市消防站布局规划模型的对比分析

本文对传统消防站布局规划模型、基于路网的G IS服务区分析模型的消防站布局规划模型进行了比较和分析,并结合城市实例运用服务区分析模型进行了消防站布局规划研究。研究表明该城市现状以及原有规划预留的消防站布局仍存在多个盲区,部分服务范围重叠较严重。基于研究成果并结合实际提出了消防布局规划的优化调整方案。     

Societal Responsibility and Development Trends of Global Soil Studies and the Provisions for China: Lessons from the Status of the 《World’s Soil Resources Report》

2015 is the International Year of Soil (IYS) adopted by the 378th Congress of the United Nations. The Status of the World’s Soil Resources was released by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, which was the policy report about the status of the world soil resources for the first time. The universal values of the global community were strengthened by the challenges for the global society from the risk and safety of the change of soil quality, functions, services and soil health. One third of the world soil resources were suffering serious degradation, which could affect the food security in the future, regional development and local conflicts in the report. The major task of the global monitoring, regulation and management of the world soil resources and the social responsibility of supporting the sustainable soil management by education, research and technology development were highlighted. The social responsibility and global development trends of soil science and management strategies were discussed by the keywords, the distribution of contributing authors and the citation of the references, as well as the main contents of the report. The keywords distribution of the report showed that the focus of the soil research included the change of soil quality, processes, functions and services induced by the natural driving forces, human’s activity and soil degradation, as well as the hotspots covered soil carbon/nitrogen-water-biological pool and distribution related with the biogeochemistry, global climate change and ecosystem functions and human health. The number and structure of the cited papers showed that the integration research based on the mega-data analysis were the prominent development trend of the soil science. The geographic distribution of all the contributing authors showed that dominant discourse of the global soil science were grasped by the developed countries including Europe and the United States, China had just limited effects on the global soil science. It is urgent to promote China’s soil science research and the services for global society.     

笃实求真 勘者师表——记贵州籍老地质学家何立贤先生

何立贤先生是跨越了若干历史时代的贵州籍著名地质学家,阅历广阔,学养深厚,成果丰硕,积极进取,思想活跃,乐观向上,健康阳光。本文回顾了何立贤先生90年的人生历程和70年的地质生涯,反映了他为人为学的精神品质和人格风貌,特别是执着于地矿事业、为家乡贵州地质矿产勘查、科技管理和科学研究做出了巨大的贡献,取得了丰硕的成果。其言其行,其道德文章,其学而不厌、诲而不倦,言传身教,教育培养了贵州几代地质勘探队员。作为老一代地质学家的代表,他所反复强调的"重视野外工作,倡导求实学风"正成为地质找矿和地质科研的精神理念;是极其宝贵的精神财富,在当前地质矿产资源勘查、地质环境保护、努力实现找矿突破中具有深远意义,需要传承和弘扬光大。