Economics of climate change: risk and responsibility by world region

The impacts of predicted climate change will not be distributed evenly around the world. As post-Kyoto negotiations unfold, relating the geographical distribution of projected impacts to responsibility for emissions among world regions is essential for achieving an equitable path forward. This article surveys the current knowledge of regional climate consequences, and delves into the regional predictions of economic assessment models to date, examining how the uncertainties, assumptions and ethical dimensions influence the portrayal of risk at this scale. The few studies that quantitatively compared regional risk and responsibility are reviewed, and the analytical framework from one such study is applied to the 2006 Stern Review's projections to give the first regional comparison to take purchasing power and welfare considerations into account. Synthesizing burden and blame in this way is informative for policy makers; the world's most vulnerable communities—in Africa, the Indian subcontinent, Latin America, and small island states—accounted for less than 33% of global greenhouse gas emissions over the period 1961–2000, but may experience more than 75% of the ensuing climate damages this century. This analysis reinforces the call for industrialized nations to lead mitigation efforts, and to do so decisively and swiftly.     

TRENDS IN LATIN AMERICANIST GEOGRAPHY IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA

The question of what lies ahead is of particular concern for Latin Americanists. The last decade has witnessed a serious erosion of both the popularity of their specialty, and an equally troublesome reduction in employment opportunities. This paper uses Association of American Geographers (AAG) data bases to document the age-gender structure of contemporary Latin Americanist geographers, and projects likely compositional changes through the end of the century.     

Ethnic coexistence in a pluralistic campus environment

In Malaysia, ethnic segregation seems to have grown more and more pronounced at all levels of education, which may have in the main contributed to increasing occupational segregation by ethnicity when the graduates left to join the job market. Such trends may be disturbing given the effort the country has put in to promote interethnic understanding and reduce interethnic economic disparity since 1970. By critically investigating the dynamics of ethnic coexistence in the microcosm of the university campus environment, this paper provides statistical evidence to show how far the country has progressed in terms of ethnic relations since the watershed events of May 13, 1969; to what extent Malaysian multiethnic society is different now compared to the unmistakable racial “corporateness” and interethnic “separateness” that Furnivall observed in his classic study of 1948; and in what ways ethnic relations have been reshaped by three decades of affirmative action policies and the form of ethnic democracy adapted for this unique society.

Notes

Abstract

J. N. L. Baker. The History of Geography. Barnes &; Noble, Inc., 105 Fifth Ave., New York 3, N.Y., 1963. xxviii and 266 pages with table of contents and index. $7.50.

R. J. Harrison Church. Environment and Policies in West Africa. D. Van Nostrand Co. Inc., 120 Alexander St., Princeton, N.J., 1963. 135 pages with table of contents, maps, diagrams and general index. $1.45.

Richard M. Highsmith, and J. Granville Jensen. Geography of Commodity Production, Second Edition. J. B. Lippincott Co., East Washington Sq., Philadelphia 5, Pa., 1963. 515 pages with table of contents, maps, photographs, graphs and index. $7.95.

Oliver H. Heintzelman and Richaid M. High-smith, Jr., World Regional Geography. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1963, 2nd edition. 391 pages with table of contents, pictures, maps, diagrams, and index. $7.95.

Gerd Fraenkel with Lindley J. Stiles. Today's World in Focus: Israel. Ginn and Co., Statler Building, Boston 17, Mass., 1963. 122 pages with table of contents with black and white photographs with colored illustrations, appendices and bibliography. $1.40.

Thomas Sterling. Exploration of Africa. Horizon Caravel Books, 551 Fifth Ave., New York 17, N.Y., 1963. 153 pages with table of contents, maps, color and black and white illustrations and index. $3.95.

C. W. Harrison. Conservationists and What They Do. Franklin Watts, Inc., 575 Lexington Ave., New York 22, N.Y., 1963. 170 pages with table of contents and index. $3.95.

William Trout Chambers and Lorrin Kennamer, Jr. Texans And Their Land. The Steck Co., P.O. Box 16, Austin, Tex., 1963. 232 pages with table of contents, black and white pictures, colored maps, appendix, bibliography and index. $4.88.

Olive Burt. The First Book of Utah. Franklin Watts, Inc., 575 Lexington Ave., New York 22, N.Y., 1963. 66 pages with table of contents, general map of Utah, photographs and an index. $2.50.

Bernt Lloyd Wills. North Dakota: The Northern Prairie State. B. L. Wills, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, N.D., 1963. 318 pages with table of contents, black and white pictures and black and white illustrations and index. $4.80.

Mary Foley Horkheimer and John W. Differ, (compilors and editors). Educators Guide to Free Filmstrips. Educators Progress Service, Randolph, Wis., 1963. 15th Annual Edition with 159 pages, table of contents and indices. $6.00.

Patricia Horkheimer Suttles, (editor). Educators Guide to Free Social Studies Materials. Educators Progress Service, Randolph, Wis., 1963. 402 pages with XV pages editorial comment and table of contents. $6.75.

C. B. Hitchcock and O. M. Miller. Nine Glacier Maps, Northwestern North America with Text. Special Publication No. 34. American Geographical Society, 156th St. and Broadway, New York 32, N.Y., 1960. 22 pages with table of contents, three appendices, one table, one locational text map, 15 photographs and nine separate topographic maps. $3.00.

Harry M. Caudill. Night Comes To The Cumberlands. Little, Brown &; Co., 128 Oliver St., Paterson 1, N.J., 1963. 394 pages with table of contents and black and white photographs. $6.75.     

生态补偿机制中的企业责任研究

研究了企业在市场经济体制中的主体地位和企业承担的环境责任,通过对生态补偿的涵义和政策范围进行分析,明确了生态补偿与排污费、资源费之间的区别和联系,提出了完善企业履行生态补偿责任的政策框架、搭建企业履行生态补偿责任的职能体系及创新企业履行生态补偿责任执行形式的建议。     

The politics of greening unceded lands in the settler city

ABSTRACT

Urban greening is a buzz term in urban policy and research settings in Australia and elsewhere. In a context of settler colonial urbanism, like Australia, a first fact becomes clear: urban greening is always being practiced on unceded Indigenous lands. Recognising this requires some honest reckoning with how this latest urban policy response perpetuates dispossessory settler-colonial structures. In this paper, we listen to the place-based ontologies of the peoples and lands from where we write to inform understanding the city as an always already Indigenous place – a sovereign Aboriginal City. In so doing, the paper tries to practice a way of creating more truthful and response-able urban knowledge practices. We analyse three distinct areas of scholarly research that are present in the contemporary literature: urban greening and green infrastructure; urban political ecology; and more-than-human cities. When placed in relationship of learning with the sovereign Aboriginal City, our analysis finds that these scholarly domains of urban greening work to re-organise colonial power relations. The paper considers what work the practice and scholarship of ‘urban greening’ might need to do in order to become response-able and learn to learn with Indigenous sovereignties and ontologies.     

传承和发扬人文与经济地理学前辈的精神和知识体系——人文与经济地理学青年论坛综述

2018年1月27-28日,人文与经济地理学青年论坛暨第二届中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室青年论坛在北京国家会议中心成功举办。论坛以“人文与经济地理学的传承与创新：青年学者的责任与行动”为主题,来自全国100余家高校和研究机构从事人文与经济地理学相关研究的青年学者370余人参会。这说明人文与经济地理学青年学者很活跃、有热情、有担当意识。青年学者要加强学习、传承和发扬人文与经济地理学前辈的精神和知识体系,迎接人文与经济地理学繁荣发展的新时代。     

An initial scoping of transitional justice for global climate governance

Geopolitical changes combined with the increasing urgency of ambitious climate action have re-opened debates about justice and international climate policy. Tensions about historical responsibility have been particularly difficult and could intensify with increased climate impacts and as developing countries face mounting pressure to take mitigation action. Climate change is not the only time humans have faced historically rooted, collective action challenges involving justice disputes. Practices and tools from transitional justice have been used in over 30 countries across a range of conflicts at the interface of historical responsibility and imperatives for collective futures. Central to this body of theory and experience is the need to reflect both backwards- and forwards-oriented elements in efforts to build social solidarity. Lessons from transitional justice theory and practice have not been systematically explored in the climate context. This article conceptually examines the potential of transitional justice practices to inform global climate governance by looking at the structural similarities and differences between the global climate regime and traditional transitional justice contexts. It then identifies a suite of common transitional justice practices and assesses their potential applicability in the climate context.

POLICY RELEVANCE

• Justice disputes, including about historical responsibility and future climate actions, are long-standing in the climate context and could intensify with increased climate impacts and broadened mitigation pressures.

• Lessons from efforts to use transitional justice mechanisms could provide insight into strategies for balancing recognition of harms rooted in the past, while creating stronger future-oriented collective action.

• Several areas of transitional justice practice including: the combination of amnesties and litigation, truth commissions, reparations and institutional change could provide useful insights for the climate context.

     

开拓进取的四川省旅游地学研究会

简单介绍了旅游地学学科的产生及研究会的创立,并从开展学术活动、学科理论建设、科技服务及人才培养等几方面详细阐述了四川省旅游地学研究会的突出成就,最后还对研究会未来发展进行了探讨。