面向国民经济主战场的区域农业研究

中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所作为国内开展区域农业研究最早的研究机构之一,坚持遵循“面向国家需求,以任务带学科”的宗旨,基于农业生产及发展的阶段性和地域性特点,充分发挥地理学综合性和区域性的学科优势,完成了一系列前瞻性、战略性、引领性的区域农业研究成果,包括全国农业区划初步意见、新疆地区农业区划等,不仅成为区域农业研究的经典参考,同时也为国家及地方层面农业宏观调控提供了决策支持。承载80年的理论探索与经验总结,新时期地理资源所将在现有农业资源调查与区划、农业生态水文与气候、典型区粮食生产与安全、耕地利用保护与管理、农业经济管理与政策创新、乡村地域系统可持续发展等研究领域基础上,不断拓宽与丰富区域农业研究的内涵与价值,担负起服务国家战略制定实施、引领基础学科创新发展的时代重任。     

关于高校学报青年编辑培养的几点思考

为了紧跟时代步伐,成为与时俱进,新世纪优秀的出版人,从职业素质的培养、出版业务知识的培养、专业知识的培养及综合知识的培养、人际关系的培养5个方面对高校学报青年编辑的培养进行了探讨。     

经济地理学的九大原理

经济地理学的理论通常针对其具体的研究对象,本文试图从这些理论中提炼出指导经济地理学家思考和分析,以及重复出现在这个学科中的要点。这些要点是最基本的,在经典的和现代的经济地理研究中具有普遍意义,而不仅仅是在当前或某些时段。本文称这些要点为原理,将它们归纳成包括区位选择与空间差异性、空间分析和区域政策等三个范畴共九大条。这些原理试图回答人们为什么、如何做区位选择以及它们之间的相互依存关系,概括关于空间经济的分析视角和途径,以及制定区域政策的经济地理学基础。认为这些原理的精炼在经济地理学的学术研究上有助于营造共同的语言,建立和提升大家比较认同的一般理论。在其应用研究上,有助于寻找和筛选重要的经济地理变量,建立分析框架和进行模型设计。     

《CT理论与应用研究》近年来的发展与现状分析

在数据资料基础上,从学科分布、网络传播、载文信息、期刊质量等方面,对《CT理论与应用研究》期刊近年来的发展与现状进行了比较全面的统计和分析,在数量上反映了期刊取得的进步以及存在的问题。得出纵向自身比较进步明显,横向同类比较与同类期刊有差距,特别是在载文量方面差距明显。可为期刊今后的发展提供了参考依据,对期刊的长远规划也...     

From catching to watching: Moving towards quality assurance of whale/dolphin watching tourism in Taiwan

Taiwan has shifted from harvesting whales and dolphins to protecting all cetacean species since 1990. Whales and dolphins have become major tourist attractions. With an eye on foreseeable future growth and increasing concerns about environmental impact, service delivery, and educational efficacy, the government seeks to achieve the overall quality assurance of whale/dolphin watching tourism by introducing an ecolabelling program. The aim of this study is to examine this program by analyzing its impact on tour operators and visitors. A survey method was used to assess the impact. The results showed that the program is having a positive impact on operators by seeking environmental sustainability and has brought about educational benefits for visitors, including: site-based knowledge, awareness of marine conservation and reinforcing intentions to perform environmentally responsible behaviors. However, money cost is a major factor discouraging tour operator’s participation, even though ecolabels help to construct an image of responsibility. With potential educational benefits for visitors in mind, the study highlights the need for increasing public awareness of the program, expanding marketing of ecolabelled products, and providing economic incentives for tour operators to engage in ecolabelling.     

Predicting support of climate policies by using a protection motivation model

Taiwan aims to reduce its estimated 2020 CO₂ emissions by 45%. Attaining this goal will require strong policies and public support. In this study, a psychological model was tested to predict how Taiwanese citizens would support ten policies that mitigate or adapt to climate change. The model is an expansion of Protection Motivation Theory (PMT [Rogers, R. W. (1983). Cognitive and physiological processes in fear-based attitude change: A revised theory of protection motivation. In J. Cacioppo & R. Petty (Eds.), Social psychophysiology: A sourcebook (pp. 153–176). New York, NY: Guilford]) involving responsibility and the subjective effectiveness of alternative solutions (SEAS) as additional variables. Data were collected after conducting two surveys in Taiwan that involved a total of 394 respondents. The results indicated that perceived responsibility and SEAS predicted the support of only one to three of the policies. Regarding the PMT variables, severity and vulnerability did not affect the support of almost all policies. Policy support was primarily affected by the other three PMT variables: self-efficacy, response efficacy, and relative benefit. These three variables significantly affected most policies, accounting for 34–73% of the variance in public support. This suggests that PMT facilitates understanding of public support for climate policies.     

Technology obscuring equity: historical responsibility in UNFCCC negotiations

According to the concept of historical responsibility, the commitments of individual countries to take action on climate change are distributed based on the relative effects of their past emissions as manifested in present climate change. Brazil presented a comprehensive version of the concept to pre-Kyoto negotiations in 1997. The ‘Brazilian proposal’ originally combined several justice principles; however, following referral to the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, discussion soon became confined to technical calculations. This case illustrates how disparities in knowledge production and framing can influence the inclusiveness of negotiations. Southern participation in the policy process was restrained due to lack of scientific expertise on the part of Southern countries and due to the non-inclusive biophysical discourse traditionally preferred by Northern policy-makers. The historical responsibility issue became stranded on problems of how to correctly represent physical nature in climate models. This marginalized the original intention that equity should be the guiding principle of the North—South interaction, arguably undercutting a potential angle of approach to advance the climate change negotiations. The article concludes that in the interest of facilitating the North—South dialogue in climate change negotiations, any framing of historical responsibility that excludes equity needs to be redefined.     

测绘地理信息专业创新能力培养研究——以“北斗杯”学科竞赛驱动为例

在国家“新工科”工程教育改革的背景下,开展测绘地理信息专业创新能力培养研究具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。文中研究以“北斗杯”学科竞赛作为驱动因子,分别从项目选拔、教师指导、项目孵化、经费支持和成果显示等角度,有机地融合了创新创业训练项目和CDIO工程教育模式,开展了测绘地理信息专业学生创新能力培养研究。实践结果表明,以学科竞赛作为驱动因子,能够充分调动教师和学生参与多种创新能力培养活动的积极性,有效提升测绘地理信息专业学生创新能力。文中针对测绘地理信息专业学生创新能力培养的总结和讨论,将为相关研究的开展提供实践参考。     

增强“三感意识” 落实主体责任——永州市国土资源局落实“主体责任”的实践与探索

落实党风廉政建设主体责任,是各级党组织的政治责任,是党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争成败的关键。永州国土资源局党组结合永州市国土资源系统的实际,以切实增强时不我待的紧迫感、当仁不让的责任感、执政为民的使命感的"三感意识"为抓手,为全面落实"主体责任",进行了有益实践和探索。     

论环境安全视角下的环境刑事责任

当今社会正面临日趋严重且类型众多的灾害，构成生态环境安全的巨大威胁。运用刑法武器维护环境安全成为各国普遍采用的法制手段，但是我国刑法在环境刑事责任的归责陈述、承担主体、归责因果关系以及环境刑事责任的实现等诸方面。并没有体现出与宴践相适应的环境刑事责任理论。鉴于此，立足于环境安全视角，评述环境刑事责任的现状及发展。