Detailed geological-geophysical studies of active fault zones and the seismic hazard in the south Yakutia region

Active faults play the key role in the formation of the morphological structures and control the seismicity in the Olekma-Stanovoi seismic zone. The detailed geological-structural and morphotectonic studies of fault zones made it possible to estimate the kinematics of the active faults and their activity degree in the Holocene (the last 10 000 years). The latter include old faults such as, for example, the Stanovoi Suture of the Proterozoic age. Most of these faults are the Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic in age. The studies were aimed at reconstructing the past seismogeological processes and were accompanied by trenching across morphological structures that are presumably associated with zones of active tectonic fractures preliminarily studied by geophysical methods. The applied approach allowed us to substantially specify the available information on the seismotectonics and the potential seismic hazard in the region.     

地质年代学发展历史的简要回顾及前景

简要介绍了基于矿物封闭温度的地质热年代学, 并对多种地质年代学方法, 包括U-Pb 法、 Sm-Nd法、Rb-Sr法、Lu-Hf法、Re-Os法、40Ar /39Ar法、裂变径迹( FT) 测年、(U-Th) /He法、 TIMS铀系法、宇宙成因核素定年(包括14C法等) 和年轻地下水测年(如3H /3He法等) 进行了综合评述。探讨了国际地质年代学百年来和中国20世纪80年代中期以来的发展趋势。根据近期使用情况分析, 认为U - Pb法、40Ar /39Ar法和14C法是目前使用较多的可靠测年方法。应用于山脉隆升和地貌形成的低温热年代学方法及地下水等年轻地质体系的测年, 将是地质年代学发展的重要方向。     

Global divides: Deconstructing the way we see the world should not be left to senior geography

Terms such as ‘Third World/First World’, ‘Developing/Developed’ are still in common usage despite many commentators and educators signalling that they are inadequate. Using empirical evidence from research in New Zealand, this paper discusses how these dividing terms may be under stress among young people who seek new ways of learning about places and people. In conceptualising the South Pacific, terms like ‘developing world’ may be challenged by young people. Debating these terms at all levels of education is important and should not merely be left to tertiary levels.     

Geographic Information Technologies and the History of a Shoreline: The Case of Chapter 91 in New Bedford,Massachusetts

Abstract

This article discusses the use of geographic information technologies to assist researchers in the exploration of historical databases. The case study is a pilot project in which we used geographic information systems (GIS) and global positioning systems (GPS) to study the history of the Public Waterfront Act (the “Chapter 91” program), a policy designed to balance private property rights, public interest, and environmental protection in the Massachusetts tidelands. The issues discussed range from the role of GIS in society and its limitations as a representational tool to the ability of current GIS to deal with historical data and to manage temporal attributes.

     

全球地表覆盖高分辨率遥感制图

全球地表覆盖分布及变化是气候变化研究、生态环境评估、地理国情监测、宏观调控分析等不可或缺的重要基础信息。国际上现有全球五套地表覆盖数据产品的空间分辨率为1km或300m,数据精度、分类体系、时空分辨率等均存在不足。为了满足全球变化研究与地球模式模拟的需求,应该研制具有较高时空分辨率、更符合全球变化需要、精度较好的全球地表覆盖数据产品。本文简要介绍了全球地表覆盖遥感制图的情况和数据产品的不足,讨论了对新一代地表覆盖数据产品的需求,介绍了我国研制全球30m地表覆盖数据产品的863重点项目。     

国外城市化研究脉络评析

从历史的角度回顾国外城市化研究的经典理论,并对国外城市化的研究进展进行了梳理与解析。面对纷繁复杂的城市化理论,林林总总的城市化研究成果,作者归纳总结了国外城市化研究的历史脉络,研究内容和影响因素,并分别对本文发达国家与广大发展中国家的城市化进程及其理论发展进行分析比较,提出了对国外城市化理论与实证研究的一些看法。     

世界地理研究回顾与展望——建所70周年世界地理研究成果与发展前景

中科院地理科学与资源研究所建所70年来,世界地理研究由于坚持了紧密为国家政治斗争和社会经济建设服务的正确方针,在地缘政治与地缘经济、国家与区域地理的综合研究、部门地理与专题研究、中外对比研究、世界地理知识普及等方面取得了一系列重要研究成果.研究工作中存在的问题为:超前性不够、系统性不强、研究手段落后、资料来源单一、成果...     

The relationship of Irgarol and its major metabolite to resident phytoplankton communities in a Maryland marina, river and reference area

The objectives of this study were to: (1) measure water column concentrations of Irgarol 1051 and its major metabolite GS26575 annually (2004-2006) during mid-June and mid-August at 14 sites in a study area comprised of three sub-regions chosen to reflect a gradient in Irgarol exposure (Port Annapolis marina, Severn River and Severn River reference area); (2) use a probabilistic approach to determine ecological risk of Irgarol and its major metabolite in the study area by comparing the distribution of exposure data with toxicity-effects endpoints; and (3) measure both functional and structural resident phytoplankton parameters concurrently with Irgarol and metabolite concentrations to assess relationships and determine ecological risk at six selected sites in the three study areas described above. The three-year summer mean Irgarol concentrations by site clearly showed a gradient in concentrations with greater values in Back Creek (400-500 ng/L range), lower values in the Severn River sites near the confluence with Back Creek (generally values less than 100 ng/L) and still lower values (<10 ng/L) at the Severn River reference sites at the confluence with Chesapeake Bay. A similar spatial trend, but with much lower concentrations, was also reported for GS26575. The probability of exceeding the Irgarol plant 10th centile of 193 ng/L and the microcosm NOEC (323 ng/L) suggested high ecological risk from Irgarol exposure at Port Annapolis marina sites but much lower risk at the other sites. There were no statistically significant differences among the three site types (marina, river and reference) with all years combined or among years within a site type for the following functional and structural phytoplankton endpoints: algal biomass, gross photosynthesis, biomass normalized photosynthesis, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll a normalized photosynthesis and taxa richness. Therefore, based on the above results, Irgarol adverse effects predicted from the plant 10th centile and the microcosm NOEC in the high Irgarol exposure area (Back Creek/Port Annapolis marina) were not confirmed with the actual field data for the receptor species (phytoplankton). These results also highlight the importance of unconfined field studies with a chemical gradient in providing valuable information regarding the responses of resident phytoplankton to herbicides.