Canadian Inuit,digital Qanuqtuurunnarniq,and emerging geographic imaginations

Using the Canadian Arctic as a case study this paper explores how Internet-based research can be used to advance area studies in an era of rapid global change. Regions of the world are rapidly changing due to social, technological, and environmental processes, and traditionally marginalized groups are increasingly using digital tools to help shape new geographical imaginations of these regions. Digital research is uniquely capable of analyzing these political uses of digital technologies, to produce a better understanding of how many different stakeholders are shaping emerging geographical imaginations. The Canadian Arctic offers a particularly powerful case study to understand these processes both because it represents a geographic region that is complex, multi-scalar, and rapidly evolving, and also because it is a region in which traditionally marginalized indigenous groups are using the Internet to increase the visibility of their perspectives. This paper develops an innovative methodology, combining computational analysis of ‘big data’ along with traditional forms of qualitative analysis, to analyze representations of the Arctic across the websites of five different organizations. These organizational websites were chosen because each of the organizations has a different relationship to the Arctic, operates at a different geographic scale, has some relevance to areas of the Canadian Arctic in which Inuit live, and has a large website. The analysis successfully reveals how these different organizations use the web to shape different types of geographic imaginations of the Arctic, as well as the types of discursive politics being used by the organizations to push forward their own political goals. The result is a powerful form of area studies capable of highlighting the geographic imaginations and re-imaginations of a complex set of actors operating at many different scales.     

国外城市滨水空间转型发展研究综述与启示

城市滨水空间转型发展是促进城市空间优化和产业结构调整的关键方式,已成为当前国际城市更新与再开发的主要组成部分,相关研究也大量涌现,有必要进行归纳和总结。论文以Web of Science和Science Direct数据库1988—2020年间相关文章为分析对象,从滨水空间转型发展的过程、模式、动因与机制、效应等方面对其研究内容和主要结论进行了归纳分析。结果表明,国外滨水空间转型发展研究多采用定性方法对案例地开展描述性分析,研究主题从关注实践需求转向探讨深层次学术问题并逐渐多元化,研究视角越发强调人本主义和公平理念。最后,结合国外研究经验和中国实际指出：未来中国应转变研究视角和研究对象,重视不同区域多案例的对比研究,再现城市滨水空间转型的过程,模拟城市滨水空间转型的机制,全面评估城市滨水空间转型的效应,以优化和完善中国城市滨水空间的研究体系。     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings have caused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence of earthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structures during earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant, and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning.     

国际合作INDEPTH项目横穿青藏高原的深部探测与综合研究

国际合作青藏高原与喜马拉雅深部剖面探测(INDEPTH)计划自1992年开展以来,圆满完成Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、3个阶段研究任务,揭示了喜马拉雅山和青藏高原腹地的地壳结构和深部构造,在同际核心期刊公开发表10多篇有重要影响的学术论文,受到国际地球科学界的高度评价.第四阶段计划是研究高原北部边缘,即东昆仑造山带和柴达木盆地的结构构造及其形成演化,并与南部喜马拉雅造山带加以对比.经过多次野外地质踏勘,选定剖面的工作路线,2007年各方正式签订协议,并共同开展了野外调查,圆满完成了横穿东昆仑造山带和柴达木盆地的100km垂直深反射地震、300 km广角地震反射以及59个宽频带天然地震台站的野外观测施工任务.中方项目组还在东昆仑南部厘定出渐新世晚期-中新世早期大型逆冲推覆构造系统,发现青藏高原渐新世晚期-中新世早期整体隆升的重要证据.2008年将继续天然地震观测,还将开展大地屯磁测深、重力、地质构造剖面观测和反射地震数据处理;2009～2010年将利用各类深部探测资料,综合研究青藏高原北部的地壳结构、岩石圈构造和深部过程.     

滑坡预报国内外研究动态及发展趋势

文章分析了大量的国内外相关研究报导,阐述了滑坡灾害给人类社会造成的重大危害．并对滑坡带来的直接损失与无形或隐伏的问接影响进行了归纳分析。从滑坡预报研究历程的角度,将滑坡预报研究的发展史划分为3个阶段,分别对滑坡预测预报的经验一统计学预报阶段、预测滑坡学形成阶段及现代科技全新预报阶段的国内外研究动态进行了分析。重点分析了目前滑坡预报研究所处的现代科技全新预报阶段之研究成果及方法,并归纳出目前滑坡预报研究领域中多种预报方法的综合应用、各种数理新理论引入、“3S”集成监测预报技术应用等3个特点。在此基础上,进一步分析了目前相关研究存在5个方面的不足,并结合最新研究成果,从滑坡预报理论方法、监测预报技术手段等方面对滑坡预报研究近期的发展趋势进行了初步预测。结论认为,滑坡灾害作为山区人类社会最为严重的自然灾害之一,其预测预报研究目前已进入现代科技全新预报研究阶段的鼎盛时期,计算智能集成预报方法的应用与“3S”集成监测预报技术的进一步应用研究是今后一段时期内滑坡预报研究发展的主题。     

Thermodynamic Properties of Brucite Determined by Solubility Studies and Their Significance to Nuclear Waste Isolation

Solubility experiments were conducted for the dissolution reaction of brucite, Mg(OH)₂ (cr): Experiments were conducted from undersaturation in deionized (DI) water and 0.010–4.4 m NaCl solutions at 22.5°C. In addition, brucite solubility was measured from supersaturation in an experiment in which brucite was precipitated via dropwise addition of 0.10 m NaOH into a 0.10 m MgCl₂ solution also at 22.5°C. The attainment of the reversal in equilibrium was demonstrated in this study. The solubility constant at 22.5°C at infinite dilution calculated from the experimental results from the direction of supersaturation by using the specific interaction theory (SIT) is: with a corresponding value of 17.0 ± 0.2 (2σ) when extrapolated to 25°C. The dimensionless standard chemical potential (μ°/RT) of brucite derived from the solubility data in 0.010 m to 4.4 m NaCl solutions from undersaturation extrapolated to 25°C is −335.76 ± 0.45 (2σ), with the corresponding Gibbs free energy of formation of brucite, , being −832.3 ± 1.1 (2σ) kJ mol⁻¹. In combination with the auxiliary thermodynamic data, the is calculated to be 17.1 ± 0.2 (2σ), based on the above Gibbs free energy of formation for brucite. This study recommends an average value of 17.05 ± 0.2 in logarithmic unit as solubility constant of brucite at 25°C, according to the values from both supersaturation and undersaturation. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.     

石榴树包滑坡变形监测及演化趋势分析

石榴树包滑坡是长江三峡河段中大型滑坡之一黄腊石滑坡群的一个重要组成部分,它位于巴东县城东1.5km的长江北岸,下距三峡坝址66km。该滑坡体现代变形活动自20世纪70年代以来渐趋明显,特别是三峡水库蓄水以来,滑坡的变形十分显著。本文在调查分析石榴树包滑坡形态特征、结构特征及变形破坏特征的基础上,基于滑坡10多年的变形监测资料,研究了石榴树包滑坡的影响因素和变形演化特征和规律,并利用灰色GM(1,1)模型预测了滑坡的变形发展趋势,为滑坡减灾防灾实践和滑坡治理方案的设计提供了依据。     

中国暖温带山地植被生态学研究进展

山地生态学作为现代生态学研究的核心内容,主要研究在山地这一特殊的自然环境中,生物与山地环境之间的相互关系和各种生态过程的科学。而山地植被生态学始终是山地生态学研究重要的内容,目前已经成为一门独立的山地生态学分支学科。对中国暖温带山地植被数量分类和排序,植物群落多样性,植物区系,植被垂直分布,种间关系,植被带划分等方面的植被生态学研究现状进行了介绍和讨论,并对山地植被生态学未来的发展前景进行了分析和探讨。     

三峡库区典型塌岸模式研究

三峡库区塌岸地质条件调查结果表明,不同的岸坡结构,蓄水后库岸的变形破坏形式塌岸模式,往往差别较大。本文根据现场调查成果,结合室内分析,总结归纳出三峡库区几种典型的塌岸模式,即冲蚀磨蚀型、坍塌型、崩塌(落)型、、滑移型和流土型。在此基础上,对不同塌岸模式的发展演进过程、发育分布特征,以及塌岸与岸坡岩土结构、地形地貌等的关系进行了深入系统地研究,提出了三峡库区典型塌岸发育的一般地质条件。     

盐城滨海湿地景观变化分段研究

在ERDAS、ArcGIS等软件支持下,利用3S技术将1期研究区植被分布图和3期遥感影像,提取出4期盐城滨海湿地景观分布图,并对这4期的湿地景现属性数据进行分段对比,即按照控制研究区湿地景观分布的不同影响因素,将研究区从北向南分为3段区域进行对比分析.结果表明:盐城滨海湿地在1980-2008年期间,自然景观,包括河口...