Catastrophic and dangerous inflows to salt mines in Poland as related to the origin of water determined by isotope methods

 Tritium, ¹⁴C, δ¹³C, δ¹⁸O and δD measurements indicated as early as 1973 the existence of inflows of modern meteoric water to the Wapno salt mine in a Zechstein diapir. In spite of these early warnings, the continuation of improper exploitation led, in 1977, to sudden flooding of the mine followed by catastrophic land subsidence. The lesson learned from that catastrophe, as well as the results of isotope investigations performed in the Inowrocław salt mine, led to the decision to flood the mine artificially in order to avoid a similar land subsidence. The Kłodawa mine was not regarded to be in danger of flooding due to a thick clay cap. In fact, a large number of usually short-lasting water occurrences had the isotopic composition characteristic for evaporated ocean water. However, since 1956 an inflow has existed with δ¹⁸O and δD values close to that of pre-Quaternary saline waters and brines in the Mesozoic formations adjacent to the diapir. Two other inflows have recently occurred with the initial δ¹⁸O and δD values of modern waters. As a consequence, the mine is regarded to be in danger, and the exploitation of salt in the areas of inflows has been stopped. The Wieliczka mine, southern Poland, exploits Miocene salts overthrusted together with the Carpathian flysch from the south. The most dangerous and catastrophic inflows were caused by human errors. Isotope data show the water to be of glacial or Holocene age stored in Tertiary, slightly cemented rocks of low permeability, which neighbor the mine from the north. Owing to specific geology, the mine has survived for a long time, in spite of relatively large and long-lasting inflows. However, its existence is in permanent danger. Received: 7 March 1997 · Accepted: 17 November 1998     

废弃矿井煤层气资源量计算范围研究

三带理论及煤层气的解吸/吸附理论,结合残余瓦斯压力理论及国内外的相关经验数据,从理论上对废弃矿井煤层气资源量的计算范围的确定进行了探讨。提出了确定废弃矿井煤层气资源量的计算范围的几种方法。      

论矿山经济技术指标对企业效益的影响

从矿山生产经营的主要指标分析入手,建立以效益为目标函数的经济分析模型,全面进行矿产经济评价,探讨生产成本、出矿品位、贫化率、矿石产量等对矿山经营效果的影响,从而找出影响矿山经济效益的主要因素,进行指导矿山生产。     

“双碳”战略下废弃露天矿山生态修复模式研究与实践——以山东省废弃露天矿山为例

本文通过研究山东省废弃露天矿山现状,分析存在的矿山地质环境问题。在总结以往废弃露天矿山生态修复情况的基础上,以“双碳”战略目标为引领,对废弃露天矿山生态修复所涉及的对象、技术、修复方向等进行了系统的研究,总结了生态复绿、农业用地、科普教育基地、旅游业用地、建设用地5种废弃露天矿山生态修复模式。以山东省废弃露天矿山生态修复经验为例,说明5种矿山生态修复模式在历史遗留废弃露天矿山生态修复工作中的实践应用。     

Application research of narrow band Internet of things buoy and surface hydrodynamics monitoring

This paper applies the narrow band Internet of things communication technology to develop a wireless network equipment and communication system, which can quickly set up a network with a radius of 100 km on water surface. A disposable micro buoy based on narrow-band Internet of things and Beidou positioning function is also developed and used to collect surface hydrodynamic data online. In addition, a web-based public service platform is designed for the analysis and visualization of the data collected by buoys. Combined with the satellite remote sensing data, the study carries a series of marine experiments and studies such as sediment deposition tracking and garbage floating tracking.     

河北柳江盆地柳江村上石盒子组露头研究

目前资料对柳江盆地上石盒子组沉积特征的描述比较简略,针对这种情况,本团队详细考察了柳江村小北山露头,以期揭示上石盒子组更多的沉积特征。通过对3条剖面进行分层,并详细描述岩层的岩性特征和沉积构造,认为该露头发育有侧积体和典型的牛轭湖,为曲流河沉积体系。根据河相经验公式算出其弯曲度大于1. 7,为高弯度曲流河。在演化过程中,曲流河的规模逐渐变小,同时经历了频繁改道和迁移。此项研究对于实习教学和河流构型研究均有参考价值。     

大青山东段火山成因非金属矿床地质特征及控矿因素探讨

大青山东段中生代火山成国非金属矿床可划分为两大成因类型,８种基本类型。对不同成因类型矿床地质特征,控矿因素的详尽研究表明：火山穹隆构造与火山岩浆,火山熔岩改造型及火山碎屑岩－熔岩改造型沸石,膨润土矿床有关;火山侵出岩丘控制了珍球岩矿床与沸石矿床的形成。     

杏南开发区葡Ⅰ31小层废弃河道类型及其研究意义

油田开采进入高含水期后,储层构型的精细描述对改善油田开采效果具有重大意义。废弃河道作为单一河道的边界以及识别点坝砂体的重要依据,其顶部的泥质沉积或者砂泥岩互层沉积对储层内部流体具有遮挡作用,因此正确识别废弃河道是进一步分析储层构型及挖潜油田剩余油的重要科学依据。以杏南开发区葡Ⅰ31小层为例,通过分析废弃河道在平面及剖面的沉积特征,利用砂顶相对等深图法,综合废弃河道的砂体平面分布形态和测井曲线响应特征,在葡Ⅰ31小层内识别出26处规模不等的废弃河道,宽度一般在100 m左右,其中3处突弃型废弃河道与渐弃型相比,弯曲程度更大,砂体延伸更短,沉积厚度为2~8 m不等。由于砂泥互层或泥质沉积的侧向遮挡作用,废弃河道砂体与正常河道砂体组成的半连通体导致有注无采或有采无注的注采不平衡现象,使得河道砂体顶部成为剩余油聚集的有利场所,成为进一步挖潜的重点对象。     

非金属矿物材料在环境保护中的应用

介绍了膨润土、沸石、硅藻土、海泡石、凹凸棒石等非金属矿物材料的结构和性质,对其在环境保护领域的应用现状进行了综述.提出应加强非金属矿物基础研究和应用研究,并加强开发生产非金属矿物环境材料.     

北京市矿山地质环境评价

通过对1443处（1661个）矿山的实地调查,采用地质环境指数法进行评估,利用ArcGIS软件,使用＂natural breaks＂（自然断点法）分级法,圈定出矿山地质环境影响严重区、较严重区和轻微区,提出了治理对策建议。