《伦敦公约》正朝向《联合国海洋法公约》接轨

《伦敦公约》(下简称公约)是1972年在伦敦召开的政府间关于海上倾倒废物公约会议上通过的。该公约的问世,是鉴于到本世纪70年代初期,已认识到海洋环境净化人类工业活动废物的能力并不是无限的,海上倾倒作为处置废物的一种手段所带来的弊端,已逐渐引起国际社会的关注,在这种背景情况下召开的特别国际会议,终于通过一项防止海上倾倒造成海洋污染的多边公约。公约自1975年生效以来,已成功地对海上倾倒实施了管理,完善了控制海上倾倒体系,交流处置废物科学方法的信息等方面起到了积极作     

Sustainable development, sustainable decisions and the precautionary principle

One of the key foundations of sustainable development is the precautionary principle, a concept that has given rise to a considerable amount of controversy. For some, it is a barrier to technological progress and development, for others a means of preventing potentially harmful applications of science. What does this principle actually mean? What is its contribution to sustainable development in general and to decision-making in response to natural hazards in particular? How should it be applied? This paper will consider whether an examination of the relationship between science and law can assist in answering questions such as these, and thus provide some greater clarity about this important principle.     

世界经济区域集团化发展规律与条件的探讨

文章把世界经济区域集团化看作为资本主义以来的一种经济区域现象，从经济行为主体对地理空间的无限追求出发，分析不同历史阶段上这种区域现象发展的不同表现及其与国际政治经济形势、世界经济的空间结构和国家间地理基础的一致性等因素的关系，力求找出发展规律，以此指导对当前各种区域集团化现象的认识。     

A METROD PREDICTING RESPONSE OF SEDIMENT YIELD TO POSSIBIE CHANGE OF PRECIPITATION DUE TO GLOBAL GREENHOUSE WARMING:AN EXAMPIE FROM NORTH FRINGE OF THE LOESS PLATEAU, CHINA

Introducti0nTheclimaticchangesinducedbytheglObalgTeen-housewarndnghaveaW0eaworldwideconcerninallwalksOflife.ThestUdyofthesechangesandtheirinfluencesonnamralenvironmentasawholehasbecomeanurgentandimPOrtantsubjectwearefacing.InthisstUdy,amethodtopredictthePOssib1echangesinnOwingWaererosioncausedtysuchclimaticchang6shasbeenPutfOwtwithP0ssiblechangesofvegetationtakenintoaccount.BasedondatafromtheNingriaHuiAntonomousRtwonlocatedinthenorthemfringeoftheLoessPlateauofChina,thetendenCyOferosi…     

地震活动与石油天然气的分布关系

本文研究了我国一些主要沉积盆地的较强地震与石油天然气在空间上的分布关系,发现在油气储集的地区往往没有地震发生,而在地震发生的地区也往往没有油气储集。根据这一认识,我们可以把蕴藏油气的地区作为识别地壳稳定性的一种标志,无疑对地震危险区划是有意义的。同时,我们又把地震活动地区作为识别非含油气构造的一种标志,无疑对寻找地下油气资源也是有意义的     

我国海洋专属经济区调查工作的回顾与展望

联合国海洋法公约于１９９４年１１月２６日生效后，各沿海国家的海洋开发与管理都将面临新的形势与任务．本文对我国专属经济区调查工作进行了回顾与展望，供有关部门领导和专业人员参考。     

A legal regime for the Arctic?: Interplay with the Law of the Sea Convention

The Law of the Sea Convention constrains regional environmental regimes, especially with respect to navigation beyond the territorial sea. Existing soft-law institutions, notably the Arctic Council, have already strengthened environmental governance in the region by (1) improving the knowledge base; (2) preparing practical guidance on risk reduction; (3) highlighting in broader regulatory fora the Arctic dimension of problems like long-range transported hazardous compounds; and (4) supporting the capacity of Arctic states to implement existing commitments. None of those functions would be much enhanced by a legally binding Arctic environmental regime. The political impediments to reaching circumpolar agreement on a single comprehensive legal regime would suggest a flexible approach to norm building that seeks productive interplay with existing institutions.     

Henry’s law constant for phosphine in seawater: determination and assessment of influencing factors

The Henry’s Law constant (k) for phosphine in seawater was determined by multiple phase equilibration combined with headspace gas chromatography. The effects of pH, temperature, and salinity on k were studied. The k value for phosphine in natural seawater was 6.415 at room temperature (approximately 23°C). This value increases with increases in temperature and salinity, but no obvious change was observed at different pH levels. At the same temperature, there was no significant difference between the k for phosphine in natural seawater and that in artificial seawater. This implies that temperature and salinity are major determining factors for k in marine environment. Double linear regression with Henry’s Law constants for phosphine as a function of temperature and salinity confirmed our observations. These results provide a basis for the measurement of trace phosphine concentrations in seawater, and will be helpful for future research on the status of phosphine in the oceanic biogeochemical cycle of phosphorus.     

Evaluation and legal assessment of certified seafood

This study presents a legal review of international treaties to derive sound definitions of overfishing. It examines seafood stocks that were certified by the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) or Friend of the Sea (FOS). Stock size and fishing pressure were compared with the internationally agreed reference points which both organizations have accepted. No suitable status information was found for 11% (MSC) to 53% (FOS) of the certified stocks. For the stocks with available status information, 19% (FOS) to 31% (MSC) had overfished stock sizes and were subject to ongoing overfishing. An analysis of legal implications of certification of overfished stocks suggests that a certifying body cannot be held liable for a violation of internationally agreed standards unless the domestic law of its home country so regulates. States may ban the import of fish products from overfished stocks, but only in very specific cases. Possible causes for the certification of overfished stocks are discussed and recommendations are given on how the certifiers could improve their performance. The study concludes that it is still reasonable to buy certified seafood, because the percentage of moderately exploited, healthy stocks is 3–4 times higher in certified than in non-certified seafood.