锂矿盐湖锂分离提取新方法研究取得阶段性成果

锂矿盐湖锂分离提取新方法研究”是中国科学院“西部之光”计划资助的项目,由中国科学院青海盐湖研究所青年科研小组承担并完成。该项目主要针对青海丰富的盐湖资源,以最典型和最具代表性的锂矿盐湖———东台吉乃尔盐湖为研究对象,开展盐湖卤水提锂新方法的研究。锂及其盐类是国民经济和国防建设中具有重要意义的战略物资,也是与人们生活息息相关的能源材料。近10年来,锂的国际消费量以每年6%—7%的速度增长。国内锂盐的消费市场主要在高能电池业、炼铝工业、制冷剂、制药、化学试剂和润滑剂等,近年来需求量一直呈上升趋势。锂的矿产有两大…     

Integration of reflection seismic and sediment grain-size data from Lake Khubsugul (Northern Mongolia): a reply to Prokopenko and Kendall

Prokopenko and Kendall (J Paleolimnol doi:, 2008) criticise the work presented in Fedotov et al. (J Paleolimnol 39:335–348, 2008), and instead propose an alternative interpretation for the grain-size evolution recorded in the KDP-01 core, retrieved from the central part of Lake Khubsugul. Their interpretation is based (i) on a seismic-stratigraphic re-interpretation of sparker seismic profile khub012 (which they copied from Fedotov et al. (EOS Trans 87:246–250, 2006)), (ii) on the presupposition that changes in lake level are the dominant control on facies distribution in Lake Khubsugul, and (iii) on the invalidation of our age-depth model. In this reply to their comment, we demonstrate that they interpreted seismic artefacts and geometries caused by changes in profile orientation as true stratigraphic features and that the lake-level reconstruction they derive from this interpretation is therefore incorrect. We also demonstrate that their grain-size predictions, which they consider to be predominantly driven by changes in lake level, are inconsistent with the measured sulphate concentration, which is a demonstrated proxy of lake level in Lake Khubsugul, and with the measured grain-size record. Finally, we point out that even if there would be a problem with the age-depth model, this problem would not affect the part of the sedimentary sequence discussed in Fedotov et al. (J Paleolimnol 39:335–348, 2008).     

运城盐湖卤水组成变迁史

介绍了运城盐湖卤水组成的变迁过程以及产生这些变迁的原因 ,并对运城盐湖的平衡开采提出了建议。     

贵州红枫湖纹理沉积物中近代气温记录

本通过红枫湖纹理沉积物柱芯碳酸盐特征剖面与流域气温资料对比、沉积纹理年代校正以及早期成岩化学过程对碳酸盐沉积记录的改造作用等方面的研究，表明湖泊碳酸盐沉积记录基本不受早期成岩作用的影响，碳酸钙含量和ＣａＯ／ＭｇＯ·Ａｌ２Ｏ３比值可作为湖泊沉物中具高分辨率、短时间尺度的气温变化的代用指标。     

Analysis of Multiple Tourist Agents’ Symbiotic Relationship on the View of Tourist Enterprises Based on a Grey Correlation Model: A Case Study of Qinghai Lake,China

Tourism symbiosis is a social phenomenon consisting of many complex factors, and the reciprocal cooperation among multiple tourist agents at tourist destinations is the crux of the sustainable development of tourism. This study is from the perspective of tourist enterprises, and introduces the Symbiosis Theory of genecology. A quantitative evaluation is used to analyze both the equilibrium state of the combined symbiotic behavior routes and the behavior patterns of tourist enterprises with local governments, community residents, tourists and tourist enterprises around Qinghai Lake. The findings reveal: (1) the symbiotic behavior routes of the multiple tourist agents “E→G-R-T-E” in the Qinghai Lake area are constituted of intense symbiotic indications, while the maximum dimensionality of symbiotic interest of “E→G-R-T-E” is still in the state of disequilibrium and dissymmetry; (2) the symbiotic model of multiple tourist agents “E→G-R-T-E” in the Qinghai Lake area is an asymmetrically positive symbiotic model. It is proposed that, by establishing symbiotic mechanisms for guidance, decisions, supervisory control and profit distribution, the participation mechanism for multiple agents “E-G-R-T” can be further standardized. Moreover, tourist enterprises should be regarded as the primary agents to optimize the symbiotic model for “E→G-R-T-E” through the reinforcement of integrative supply and the construction of integrative effect, and finally promote the integrative symbiotic model of symmetrical reciprocity of the E-R-G-T model “driven by scenic areas, responsive to community residents, affected by local governments and enjoyed by tourists.”     

鄱阳湖滨沙地植物多样性特征

采用线路踏查法和空间代替时间的方法,调查统计鄱阳湖滨多宝沙山沙地植物组成、优势类群以及风沙化过程中植物组成、多样性、生态习性和生活型的变化特点。结果表明：（1）鄱阳湖滨多宝沙山沙地植物有129种,隶属于58科104属,其中被子植物为研究区沙生植物的重要组成部分;生活型谱以高位芽植物居首位,其次为一年生植物,具有明显的亚热带荒漠属性;优势类群主要为蔷薇科(Rosaceae)、蝶形花科(Papilionaceae)、菊科(Compositae)和禾本科(Gramineae)植物。（2）土地风沙化过程中,植物组成变化较大,固定沙丘上以特有种占优势,流动沙丘上主要是共有种,半流动沙丘上以共有种和稀有种组成;植物丰富度、多样性指数逐渐降低;旱生植物比例增多,中生植物减少,湿生植物仅在固定沙丘阶段出现;一年生植物的减少,地下芽植物的增加,变化幅度较大的为半流动沙丘至流动沙丘阶段。     

Density and conductivity properties of Na−CO3−Cl−SO4 brine from Mono Lake, California, USA

Relationships among conductivity, temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS), and density were determined for hypersaline brine (TDS, 83 g kg⁻¹) from Mono Lake. A theoretical estimate of density based on ionic composition and calculated partial molar volumes compared well with actual measurements (difference, 390 ppm). However, an empirically derived equation of state based on temperature and conductivity provides the most accurate density estimates (residual errors, 190 ppm) and can be used with data collected with CTD profilers.     

Relationships between southern Chilean varved lake sediments,precipitation and ENSO for the last 600 years

In this paper, the relationships between paleo-precipitation and the regional influence of El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in South America are assessed from a high-resolution calendar varve-thickness record. Two short laminated sediment cores (53 and 61 cm length) from Lago Puyehue (40° S) are analysed by continuous varve measurements through the last 600 years. The calendar varve years are determined by the occurrence of graded planktonic-rich layers. The annual sediment accumulation rates are reconstructed by using the standard varve-counting methods on thin sections. The 1980–2000 varve-thickness record is interpreted in terms of climate through correlation with limnological and local monthly instrumental climate databases. The comparison between the standardized varve thickness with the instrumental records reveals a strong correlation (r = 0.75, р = 0.07) between the total varve thickness and the austral autumn/winter precipitation. We argue that strong austral winter winds and precipitation are the forcing factors for the seasonal turn-over and phytoplankton increase in the lake sediments. During strong El Nino events the precipitation and the winds decrease abnormally, hence reducing the thickness of the biogenic sediments deposited after the winter turn-over. Our results show one significant regional maximum peak of winter precipitation (>900 mm) in the mid 20th century and a significant period with lower winter precipitation (<400 mm) before the 15th century, i.e., the late Medieval Warm Period. The first peak in the mid 20th century is confirmed by the regional precipitation database. The influence of ENSO cycles over the last 600 years is assessed by spectral analysis in Fagel et al. (2007). The possible influence of the regional volcanism and/or the seismic activity on the local climate record is also discussed. This is the sixth in a series of eight papers published in this special issue dedicated to the 17,900 year multi-proxy lacustrine record of Lago Puyehue, Chilean Lake District. The papers in this special issue were collected by M. De Batist, N. Fagel, M. -F. Loutre and E. Chapron.     

洱海环境演变与大理城市发展的关系研究

针对洱海特殊的生态环境和对大理城市发展所起的举足轻重的作用，2002年通过实地环境调查和系列历史及动态资料分析进行了洱海和大理城市之问人地关系的互动研究。概括出大理城市发展的5个阶段，结果表明人类生存场所发展的总趋势是从高处往低处下移，从山前台地向下迁往山缘冲积洪积扇平原，直至湖滨平原地带。并着重分析了变迁的原因和人类活动的影响状况，从而使人们在开发利用洱海的同时，促进人类活动和城市发展建设相得益彰，并建议选择旅游和供水为主的和谐可持续发展道路，强化政府的宏观管理，增大科技投入。     

46 a气候变化对呼伦湖区域生态环境的影响

 利用1959—2005年温度、降水和卫星遥感监测资料,研究呼伦湖区域气候变化特征,进而分析气候变化对其周边地区生态环境的影响。结果表明：①近46 a来呼伦湖区域温度呈显著的升高态势;降水量波动性较大,总体上呈下降趋势,并存在11 a和22 a的周期性变化。从1999年至2005年降水量下降趋势加快。②无论是温度还是降水,其气候变率都处于升高的时期,气候变率的增大是导致极端气候事件如干旱、高温酷热天气等增多的主要原因。近年来气候的变干、变暖,使得1999年以后呼伦湖区域生态呈现快速恶化的趋势。由此引起一系列生态环境问题,如呼伦湖水域面积的缩小、湿地萎缩、草场退化等。③近年来小雨事件呈减少趋势,但进入21世纪后小雨强度和干燥事件显著增强,致使干旱事件频发和强度的增加,进一步加剧了呼伦湖区域生态环境的恶化。