榆林地区土地利用/覆被变化区域特征及其驱动机制分析

利用榆林地区1986、1995年土地利用现状图,在地理信息系统支持下建立土地利用变化转移矩阵,结合多年社会统计资料分析榆林地区10多年来的土地利用动态变化特征。研究结果表明：土地利用类型变化幅度大、流转方向较为集中,具体表现为农田总面积下降、耕地质量局部改善,林草覆盖面积增长、其它用地类型面积减少;从区域角度分析,南部黄土丘陵沟壑区耕地面积减少、成熟林地面积增加幅度大与西北部风沙区耕地面积轻微增加、天然草地优势地位增强形成鲜明对比,这种区域特征符合“因地制宜”规律,与“退耕还林还草”政策导向吻合。全区总人口及其区域分布、农民年均收入和农业人口比重为该区土地利用／覆被变化的主要驱动力,同时人们的环境保护意识和相应的土地政策也对该区土地利用／覆被变化产生较大影响。     

榆林地区土地退化机制和调控

Yulin district is located in the transitional zone between Mu Us Desert and Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi Province,thus it is particularly vulnerable to degradation due to its fragile ecosystem and intense human activites there,The purpose of hias study is to explore the mechanism,process and driving force of land degradation in area with vulnerable eco-environment within the context of increasing population and intensifying human economic activities,and then find out the patterns and countermeasures of how to control them using the economic and technological ways,In detail ,this study includes three main sections:the first section analyzes the mechanism,causes and characteristics of land degradation,which can be achieved by the typical field investigations and systematical analysis within the regional natural,social and econmomic context.Based on the technologies of remote sensing and GIS ,and combined with the modeling methods,the second section reveals the change characteristics of land use and its driving force from 1990 to 2000; AS to the third section ,feasible countermeasures of how to prevent the degradation and rehabilitate the regional ecology are propsed ,which are studed from the perspective of harmony between nature and economy,and the conception of regional sustainable development.     

A GIS-based research on the distribution of rural settlements in Yulin of northern Shaanxi

The development and distribution pattern of rural settlements was greatly limited by their natural and social environment. Taking Yulin prefecture in northern Shaanxi’s Loess Plateau area as an example, 1:250,000 map-scale national geographical database as a major information source, a GIS-based research was conducted to investigate the spatial distribution of the rural settlements. In this paper, many significant characteristics of the rural settlement distribution are reviewed by means of a series of GIS-based information processing methodology. The results obtained in this study should be helpful for the urban and rural settlements reconstruction planning in this area.     

陕西北部榆林第四纪地层剖面的粒度分析与讨论

本文根据榆林剖面及其粒度分析结果,讨论了剖面中地层的沉积相、古气候和环境演化.     

鄂尔多斯盆地榆林气田陕151井区天然气富集高产因素简析

榆林气田陕151井区山西组二段储集层是实现增储上产的主力产层。影响该区天然气富集高产的主要因素:石炭—二叠系煤系烃源岩提供了丰富的生气母质,在低孔、低渗背景上发育了多期水下分流河道石英砂岩和岩屑石英砂岩有效储层,在平缓构造背景上发育的低幅度鼻隆构造带严格控制着气、水分布;山西组顶部发育的浅湖相泥岩提供了良好的盖层条件。     

基于3S的榆林市土地利用/覆盖变化生态效应定量研究

基于遥感数据, 运用3S 技术及多种生态经济学方法测算不同土地利用/覆盖情景下的生 态服务价值, 并分析其影响因素, 构造土地利用变化生态效应指数和土地利用变化生态效应度等 指标定量测评区域土地利用/覆盖变化的生态效应。研究结果表明: (1)榆林市1987、1999 和2002 年生态系统服务总价值分别为237.58 亿元、173.43 亿元和283.69 亿元, 并存在区域差异。整个研 究期间(1987～2002 年), 南、北六县耕地生态服务价值比重不断缩减, 林地、草地生态服务价值比 重不断增加, 但北六县以林地增加为最, 南六县以草地增加为最, 且在1999 年后增速加剧。(2)除 土地利用变化外, 气候波动对榆林市生态服务价值变化的影响更不容忽视。(3)除榆阳、神木、米脂 外, 其余空间尺度的各区域在后一阶段( 1999～2002 年) 的土地利用变化的生态效应高于前一阶 段(1987～1999 年); 在前一阶段, 北六县土地类型间流转导致生态价值变化较南六县强烈; 而后一 阶段正好与之相反。     

榆林能源化工基地供水保障方式探讨

榆林能源化工基地以其丰富的能源矿产资源为依托,集资源开发与加工转化为一体,探索出一条科技含量高、经济效益好、自然资源优势充分发挥的新型工业化道路。但由于基地内各个项目对水资源的依赖性极强,而受区位地理条件限制．未来十年供水缺VI巨大。在分析区域水文地质和资源勘探资料的基础上,提出了实施水源工程保障供给和水保工程涵养水源、完善供水管网布局、矿井水利用,以及增加供给、集约调配、珍惜善用的供水保障方式,为解决能源基地的供水问题指明了方向。     

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF SOIL ORGANIC CARBON IN RESERVED DESERTIFICATION AREA —A Case Study in Yulin City, Shaanxi Province, China

Soil organic carbon (SOC) was considered to be a key index in evaluation of soil degradation and soil C sequestration. To discuss the spatial-temporal dynamics of SOC in arable layer in reversed desertification area, a case study was conducted in Yulin City, Shaanxi Province, China. Data of SOC were based on general soil survey in 1982 and repeated soil sampling in 2003. Soil organic carbon content (SOCC) was determined by K2Cr3O2-FeSO4 titration method, and soil organic carbon density (SOCD) was calculated by arithmetic average and area weighted average method, respectively. On average, SOCC and SOCD of the arable layer in the study area from 1982 to 2003 had increased 0.5 Ig/kg and 0.16kg/m2, respectively. Considering main soil types, the widest distributed Arid-Sandic Entisols had lowest values and increments of SOCC and SOCD during the study period; while the second widest Los-Orthic Entisols had higher values and increments of SOCC and SOCD, compared to the mean values of the whole region. The results indicated that reversed desertification process was due to the modification of land use and management practices, such as natural vegetation recovery, planting grass, turning arable land to grassland, and soil and water conservation etc., which can improve SOCC and SOCD and thus enhance soil C sequestration.     

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF SOIL ORGANIC CARBON IN RESERVED DESERTIFICATION AREA——A Case Study in Yulin City, Shaanxi Province, China

1INTRODUCTIONDesertification is one of the most serious land degrada-tion, which results in the deterioration of physical, che-mical, and biological characteristics of soils (UNEP, 1992). Soil organic carbon (SOC) was considered to be a key index in evaluation of soil quality, soil degradation and soil C sequestration(SCHLENGSINGER etal., 1990; FENG etal., 2002; WANG etal., 2003). Many researchers have reported the correlations among desertification restoration, soil C s…     

玉林市近10年气候变化特征

利用2001-2010年玉林国家基本站的气象资料,分析了近10年玉林市气温、降水和日照的变化特征。分析结果表明：玉林市年平均气温呈明显上升趋势,其主要是来自夏、冬两季增温的贡献;年降水量总体呈平缓略升态势,10年间降水分布呈两头多,中间少的特点;日照时数前期先降后升,中后期平稳少变,春季略少。