近2 ka河西走廊及毗邻地区沙漠化过程的气候与人文背景

根据古城废弃、湖泊退缩、频降尘期等发生时代的相对一致性，确定历史时期河西走廊沙漠化过程存在3次大发展时期，即南北朝、唐末五代和明清两朝，它们均对应近2ka来的气候干冷阶段。清代中期河西走廊人口密度突破了干旱地带人口压力的“临界指标“，水资源利用率超过40％，是晚近沙漠化土地迅速扩大的主要原因。     

论广州"秦代造船工场遗址"问题

根据钻孔资料的古地理环境分析结果显示，“秦代造船工场遗址”附近在距今2000余年期间已成为陆地，不可能提供营造大型船只的水域环境，结合其他方面因素综合判断，原船台遗址解释为大型的南越王宫殿等建筑物的地基和基础更为合理。     

区域历史人口空间格局精细化重建:方法与实证

以清中期（1736~1820年）苏州府为例,探索历史时期人口空间分布的影响机制,构建历史人口空间分布适宜性计算方法,在2个典型时段（1776年、1820年）重建1 km×1 km空间格网下的人口数据集。研究结果表明:① 在数量上,1776年,苏州府人口总量为511.1万,其中城市人口120.1万,农村人口391.0万;1820年,总人口为590.8万,其中城市168.7万,农村422.1万;城市人口增长速率明显快于农村人口。② 空间格局上,1776~1820年,苏州府中部的吴县、长洲、元和等县人口较为集中,东北部昭文、新阳及中南部吴江、震泽等县较为稀疏,但区域间差异渐趋缩小;人口增长主要集中在城镇区域,较高等级城镇人口集聚特征更为显著。③ 通过与当地历史文献及现代人口格局进行相关性和趋势检验,总体特征、分布趋势和变化特点具有一致性。     

清代苏沪地区饥荒的时空变化及其环境因素

论文基于方志等多源史料提取饥荒的时间和地点信息,利用语义差异法和指数法构建了清代(1644—1911年)苏沪地区逐年的饥荒指数序列,复原了饥荒的空间分布特征,探讨了不同致灾因子及其组合对饥荒时空特征的影响。结果表明：① 从时间上看,清代苏沪地区饥荒频率和强度有明显的阶段性、周期性、季节性及间歇式暴发等波动特征,最严重时段是康乾盛世的中后期及由盛转衰的道光和咸丰时期。② 饥荒的空间分布整体呈“两带、多核”的东南—西北向分布格局,长江两岸、太湖及高邮湖周边一带和废黄河、洪泽湖周边一带是饥荒多发区域。除受区域人口、经济等社会因素影响外,水域格局等地理背景对饥荒多发区的分布有重要影响。③ 饥荒主要环境致灾因素为洪涝灾害,其次为旱灾和风潮,其他灾害影响较小。不同致灾因子组合对饥荒影响不同,单因子致灾的饥荒比例占绝大多数,双因子和三因子对应的饥荒程度整体均大于单因子情形,与水旱灾相关的饥荒分布决定了研究区整体的饥荒分布格局。上述认识对于辨识苏沪地区饥荒高风险区、探索区域自然灾害对饥荒的影响及未来粮食安全保障机制有一定的参考价值。     

唐代试赋之“以题为韵”与“以题中字为韵”考述

"以题为韵"和"以题中字为韵"是试赋中的两种限韵类型,二者具有相通性。在以整题为韵类中,作者首先要将题目"字字叶之",同时还可以旁涉其他韵部。与其他试赋韵类相比,"以题为韵"和"以题中字为韵"介于宽严之间,但在注解题目方面,"以题为韵"和"以题中字为韵"就表现出了明显的不足。     

清中晚期中国生态严重退化的思考——兼论"摊丁入地"政策与长城生态功能消失的协同作用

清代中期因"摊丁入地"政策的刺激,人口激增,中国PRED关系严重失衡.长期、大范围的坡地和非宜农地被开垦,导致了一次中国封建农业时代范围最广、破坏最严重的生态退化过程.与此同时,长城生态功能的消失进一步扩大并加深了退化过程.从系统角度分析,支撑庞大人口的物质、能量基础不是来自自然社会经济复合系统(NSECS)之外,也不是通过提高系统效率,而是转嫁于生态.转嫁源自农民对耕地的过度依赖关系,其根源则在于传统生产方式和文化惯性.NSECS子系统耦合导致正反馈效应,使生态长期处于退化的困境中.     

基于数据挖掘的北京明长城测量

考虑到北京数据资源情况,提出基于数据挖掘的北京明长城测量方案,包括基于地形分析的明长城长度量算工艺、基于坐标转换的明长城DEM/DOM数据生产工艺,以及基于数据整合的明长城专题数据生产工艺,并汇总了各工艺的关键技术和特点。     

妈祖褒封史实综考

通过挖掘宋代相关文献,纠正清代以来妈祖志书沿袭的褒封记载讹误。重点考述“顺济”赐额时间应为宋宣和五年,“灵惠”首个封号应缘于姜特立征海寇之役；另外,对存在实据的妈祖早期其他七个封号,亦皆予以查证。     

Extreme climate events,migration for cultivation and policies:A case study in the early Qing Dynasty of China

Based on the historical records of the annual increase in the workforce (men older than 16 years of age), the annual new taxed cropland in the Shengjing area (Northeast China), the extreme climate events in North China, and related management policies in Northeast China during 1661―1680, a case study has been conducted to investigate the relationship between the extreme climate events in North China and the migration to Northeast China for cultivation. This study has found that the migration to Northeast China for cultivation from 1661 to 1680 was a response to the drought events that occurred in North China. The upsurge of migration, which occurred in 1665―1680, was a response to the drought period during 1664―1680 in North China while the fewer disasters period in Northeast China. There were three migratory peaks during the upsurge of migration, which corresponded to the three drought events. The peaks of migration, however, often lagged behind the drought events about 1―2 years. The encourag-ing-migration policy, which was adopted to encourage cultivation in Northeast China, did not produce much migration into the region in the early Qing Dynasty. It did, however, provide a policy background, which ensured more than 10000 migrants per year to Northeast China when North China suffered from drought/flood disasters. As a response to the highest peak of migration induced by the severe droughts in North China during 1664―1667, a prohibiting-migration policy restricted further migration to Northeast China was carried out in 1668. Although the prohibiting-migration policy could not entirely stop the migrants fleeing from famine in North China to Northeast China, the migrants and cultivation were significantly reduced under the policy. The frequent changes of the policy on the years when taxation started after the land was cultivated were also related to climate events. The extreme climate events in North China, migration to Northeast China for cultivation, and the related management poli-cies showed an impact-response chain, which reflected the interaction among extreme climate events, human behavior, and policies.     

民国初年宪法危机——袁世凯与戴高乐宪法主张的对比分析

民国初年在以袁世凯为首的行政系统和以国会为主体的立法系统之间，围绕着宪法问题发生了一场激烈的冲突，这场冲突的结果是国会被非法解散，中华民国法统中断。以行政系统宪法主张的合理性为主要着眼点，对比戴高乐对于第三共和国宪法的批评以及由他主导的旨在加强总统权力的成功政治变革，对于更全面、深刻地理解民初政治动荡及回归专制的结局，颇富于启发性。