Mollusca from Last Interglacial fluvial deposits of the River Thames at Trafalgar Square,London

An account is given of the molluscan assemblages recovered from fluvial deposits beneath the ‘Upper Floodplain terrace’ of the River Thames in the vicinity of Trafalgar Square, central London. A total of 37 aquatic and 28 terrestrial taxa have been recorded, a diversity indicative of full interglacial conditions. Palaeobotanical and vertebrate evidence suggests that these fossiliferous sediments belong to the Last (Ipswichian) Interglacial, a conclusion strongly supported by molluscan evidence. The combination of the presence of certain species, such as Belgrandia marginata, Potomida littoralis and Margaritifera auricularia, together with the absence of other taxa that no longer live in Britain, such as Pisidium clessini, Corbicula fluminalis and Unio crassus, imparts a distinctive character to the fauna. These temperate molluscs were not only present in the Trafalgar Square Sands and Silts, but also in the underlying Spring Gardens Gravel, showing the latter to be an interglacial aggradation that did not accumulate during the late Wolstonian, contrary to previous interpretations. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

2018年永清M_S 4.3地震前易县地震台形变异常分析

2018年2月12日18:31:36河北省廊坊市永清县MS 4.3地震发生前,易县地震台SS-Y型铟瓦棒伸缩仪和DSQ型水管倾斜仪记录出现不同程度的异常,从异常形态起始及持续时间、异常幅度和发震时刻进行分析,发现二者相对应,认为此次异常应为永清地震震前异常。     

Dish Verification Antenna China for the SKA:design,verification and status

The Square Kilometre Array(SKA) will be the world’s largest synthesis radio telescope, which is designed to answer major scientific questions such as those relating to the cosmic origin and fundamental forces in the universe. With the SKA entering into the phase of pre-construction, more than 100 institutes in about 20 countries including China have been involved in the associated key technology development.The Dish Verification Antenna China(DVA-C) is a concept prototype which has been built to meet the requirements of the SKA’s scientific goals. It utilizes a unique skin-and-rib structure with single-piece panel reflectors. This paper presents details on the design and measured performances of DVA-C, as well as the preliminary observational results. Current applications of the DVA-C are also introduced.     

重力测量中地形改正新法

重力近区地形改正采用激光测距测高仪,中区地形改正采用国家地理信息中心提供的1∶5万DEM高程数据使用软件,精度满足设计和规范要求,工作效率高,减少了人为误差的影响,是一种多快好省的方法。     

A Simple Model Of Software Costs For The Square Kilometre Array

Software costs for radio telescopes have nearly always been underestimated. Since the Square Kilometre Array is often called a software telescope, repeating the usual error would be particularly egregious. We estimate software costs by scaling from the reasonably well-known costs for the Atacama Large Millimeter Array. The resulting model has sharp dependency on the complexity of the SKA, suggesting the obvious – that software costs can most easily be limited by constraining the scientific and operational requirements. A bottom-up costing will not be possible until SKA is much more clearly defined. For the moment, we recommend that 20% of the SKA budget be allocated to software development.     

方目网囊对蓝圆鲹和多齿蛇鲻的选择性比较

为检测方目网囊对蓝圆鱼参和多齿蛇鲻的选择作用 ,2 0 0 0年 1 1～ 1 2月在南海北部海域试验了 4种目大的方目网囊。结果表明 ,方形网目网囊有利于释放纺缍形 (如蓝圆 鱼参)、圆形或近圆形 (如多齿蛇鲻 )两种形体鱼类的小、幼鱼 ,且对后者的释放效果更好。当网囊目大分别为 45、5 0mm时 ,蓝圆鱼参的5 0 %选择体长 (L0 .5)分别为 1 2 1 2 2、1 2 8 77mm ;当网囊目大分别为 40、45、5 0mm时 ,多齿蛇鲻的L0 5分别为 1 2 4 1 2、1 2 6 75、1 3 9 3 2mm。通过不同目大网囊对蓝圆鱼参、多齿蛇鲻选择性比较分析 ,发现 5 0mm目大方目网囊的选择效果好于 40、45mm目大的网囊 ,因此 ,在南海区拖网渔业中采用 5 0mm目大的方目网囊是必要的 ,同时建议将 1 5 0mm作为蓝圆鱼参、多齿蛇鲻的最小可捕叉长标准。     

Positional Accuracy of Spatial Data: Non-Normal Distributions and a Critique of the National Standard for Spatial Data Accuracy

Spatial data quality is a paramount concern in all GIS applications. Existing spatial data accuracy standards, including the National Standard for Spatial Data Accuracy (NSSDA) used in the United States, commonly assume the positional error of spatial data is normally distributed. This research has characterized the distribution of the positional error in four types of spatial data: GPS locations, street geocoding, TIGER roads, and LIDAR elevation data. The positional error in GPS locations can be approximated with a Rayleigh distribution, the positional error in street geocoding and TIGER roads can be approximated with a log‐normal distribution, and the positional error in LIDAR elevation data can be approximated with a normal distribution of the original vertical error values after removal of a small number of outliers. For all four data types considered, however, these solutions are only approximations, and some evidence of non‐stationary behavior resulting in lack of normality was observed in all four datasets. Monte‐Carlo simulation of the robustness of accuracy statistics revealed that the conventional 100% Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) statistic is not reliable for non‐normal distributions. Some degree of data trimming is recommended through the use of 90% and 95% RMSE statistics. Percentiles, however, are not very robust as single positional accuracy statistics. The non‐normal distribution of positional errors in spatial data has implications for spatial data accuracy standards and error propagation modeling. Specific recommendations are formulated for revisions of the NSSDA.     

利用近震及远震转换波测定永清M4.3级地震的震源深度

根据近震沉积层基底界面转换波Sp震相和远震深度震相sP、pP的特征,对2018-02-12永清M4.3地震的震源深度进行分析,运用F-K波数与频率方法拟合近震理论波形、Teleseis方法拟合远震理论波形,并与实际波形对比,对震源深度进行测试。结果表明,永清地震的震源深度为16~17 km,从发震位置和震源深度分析来看,此次地震发生在中上地壳,与区域内其他地震事件类似。     

自重体积力作用下弹性体位移与尺寸间非线性关系的推导

本文用相似理论推导了线弹性体在自重体积力作用下原型与模型间的位移关系式。根据对这个关系式讨论的结果, 以及对竖直立柱自重压缩问题的解析, 得到了位移与尺寸间的非线性关系。     

古地磁欧拉极及对华北地块的应用

本文详细讨论了古地磁欧拉最佳小圆拟合法的基本原理和实际方法，并提出了提高拟合速度和优度的措施，同时利用此方法对前人取得的华北地块中石炭世至晚侏罗世这一时间的古地磁视极移曲线进行了最佳小圆拟合。