塔克拉玛干沙漠地面风场特征及周边地区沙丘排列关系分析

通过对1996~2000年17个气象站风资料的分析和计算, 结合高空环流形势分析, 对塔克拉玛干沙漠近地面风场特征进行了研究, 并对风场特征与周边地区沙丘排列方向之间的关系进行了分析。研究表明:①塔克拉玛干沙漠近地面风场特征是在高空西风带的背景下, 经过青藏高原、天山山脉的动力分支和抬升等作用下形成的。冬季, 尼雅河以东盛行偏东风, 以西盛行偏西风; 夏季, 克里雅河以西地区盛行偏西北风和西风, 以东盛行东北风。②从东到西, 东北风系影响逐渐减弱而西北风系影响逐渐加强; 南北方向变化较为复杂。③除若羌地区外, 塔克拉玛干沙漠输沙势都小于200 VU, 属于低能风环境, 且以单峰或锐双峰为主。在区域分布上, 沙漠东部及中部强度较大, 西部及南部较小。④沙丘排列方向主要由主、次输沙方向的夹角及二者的输沙比率决定, 其走向与最大输沙总量垂直。     

台安盘锦输水管道震害分析

强烈地震波的传播及砂土液化是造成地下管线发生破坏的两类原因。对台安－盘锦输水管道采用模拟弹性地基梁轴向运动形式来进行抗震验算,并采用模糊数学理论及泊松分布函数来进行破坏概率的计算。综合分析出输水管道的破坏等级和破坏概率。     

A numerical study of particle motion and two‐phase interaction in aeolian sand transport using a coupled large eddy simulation – discrete element method

Wind‐blown sand movement, considered as a particle‐laden two‐phase flow, was simulated by a new numerical code developed in the present study. The discrete element method was employed to model the contact force between sand particles. Large eddy simulation was used to solve the turbulent atmospheric boundary layer. Motions of sand particles were traced in the Lagrangian frame. Within the near‐surface region of the atmospheric boundary layer, interparticle collisions will significantly alter the velocity of sand. The sand phase is quite dense in this region, and its feedback force on fluid motion cannot be ignored. By considering the interparticle collision and two‐phase interaction, four‐way coupling was achieved in the numerical code. Profiles of sand velocity from the simulations were in good agreement with experimental measurements. The mass flux shows an exponential decay and is comparable to reported experimental and field measurements. The turbulence intensities and shear stress of sand particles were estimated from particle root‐mean‐square velocities. Distributions of slip velocity and feedback force were analysed to reveal the interactions between sand particles and the continuous fluid phase.     

Adsorption of copper(II) from aqueous solution by Beidellite

Dry lakes, degraded sandy grasslands, abandoned farmland and mobile dunes which are widely distributed throughout the arid areas of northern China have been investigated in this work. Gain-size distribution of the surface sediments of Manas lake in Junggar basin, Juyan lake in the Alxa plateau, Zhuye lake in Minqin basin and most deserts (such as Mu Us desert, Otindag desert, Horqin desert and Hulun Buir desert) in China have been analyzed. The results show clay with particle sized <10 μm on the surface sediments of dry lakebed and sandy grassland developed from dry lakebed, respectively, account for >60% and ∼50% of the total mass. Since the tiny particles on the surface of abandoned farmland are blown away easily and rapidly, the content of clay particles in Minqin basin is <14%. The grain-size distribution of mobile dunes in northern China mainly consists of particles >63 μm and few particles <10 μm. Consequently, although sand/dust storms originate primarily in the western deserts, the gobi areas of the Alxa plateau, the north and east of Hexi Corridor and in central Mongolia, the widely distributed dry lakebeds, sandy grasslands and abandoned farmland adjacent to the deserts also contribute to aeolian dusts. Hence, the material sources for sand dust storm in East Asia include inland deserts, but also dry lakes, sandy grasslands and abandoned farmland, which are widely distributed throughout the arid inlands of northern China.     

黄河三角洲地区砂土路基液化机理探讨及处置

从砂土路基液化机理人手,结合黄河三角洲地区地基土工程地质特征,对该地区路基砂土液化做现场振动试验,找出影响砂土路基液化的影响因素,主要内因有土体的密实度、含水量和土体中是否存在软弱区;主要外因有荷载的大小、作用时间和荷载频率。并针对砂土液化的内外因,结合青银高速公路强夯处理案例展开分析,提出了处理方法。     

A tunnel section through a prograding Namurian (Arnsbergian,E2a) delta,in the western Bowland fells,north Lancashire

The Wyresdale Tunnel was driven through Roeburndale Grit Group sediments in the western Bowland Fells. An Arnsbergian age for the strata is confirmed in a palynological study. The tunnel provided a section through a prograding delta front sequence, and proved the Roeburndale Grit Group to be much thicker than previously recorded. Syndepositional instability within the deltaic sediments is illustrated by slumps and debris slides. A comparison is made with modern deltas. It is suggested that the regional variation in sediment thickness is tectonically controlled.     

一次冷锋过境时引发多种天气现象的成因分析

利用观测数据、雷达产品、ERA5再分析资料对2021年4月15日河北保定一次天气过程进行综合分析，结果表明：(1)天气背景高层干冷，低层有暖脊，整层大气较为干燥。冷锋过境引起地面风力加大，锋面触发干对流后，冷池出流进一步加大了地面风速，湍流加强并出现扬沙。(2)对流云内存在水平弱风区，其径向速度近于0 m/s，弱风区后侧的雷达回波强度呈增加趋势。雷达低仰角0径向速度区的上方有水凝物粒子迅速集中、生长，生长区内径向速度为5～10 m/s，降雹区域上空各仰角均为0径向速度。(3)下击暴流和动量下传引发了干对流大风，降水粒子的蒸发、拖曳作用进一步加剧了气流下沉，其中蒸发作用的贡献更显著。(4)干对流消亡后，锋面东移，锋后西北风减弱，扬沙天气结束，较小的近地层风通量有利于沙尘粒子缓慢下降，地面能见度好转但PM₁₀浓度依然较高。(5)夜间冷空气下沉，上游输送的沙尘粒子随之沉降，造成了浮尘天气。