泉州沿海全新世钙质碎屑岩特征及其成因的初步认识

近年在泉州沿海近代海滩上发现的钙质碎屑岩,经研究初步确定其时代为全新世早期,成岩阶段处于高能的水动力环境和温暖的气候条件,成岩作用可能与风暴潮流或地震、海底火山活动引发的海啸等突发性海洋事件有关,对于分析该区气候演变,判别海岸带迁移和海岸升降,进行灾害预测和灾害防治均具一定意义。     

Re-orientation of the city plan: Strategic planning and design competition in China

Rather than being abandoned along with the demise of the centrally planned economy, city planning as a profession is flourishing in China. New hybrid plans such as strategic development plans (concept plans) have been invented, and the planning procedure has become more flexible. Design competition and planning consultancy are widespread. This paper examines the development of new strategic development plans and design competition. It is argued that city planning has been re-orientated from a technical rationale, i.e. allocating state development projects to the city, to the imperative derived from market-oriented development, i.e. consolidating competitiveness during inter-city competition. The contradiction between market and planning is that while the status of city planning has been raised and its approach is becoming more strategic, the actual functionality of city planning has become more instrumental.     

Everyday effects, practices and causal mechanisms of ‘cultural embeddedness’: Learning from Utah’s high tech regional economy

In recent years, economic geographers have drawn extensively upon notions of ‘cultural embeddedness’ to explore how spatially variable sets of cultural conventions, norms, values and beliefs shape firms’ innovative performance in dynamic regional economies. However, our understanding of these causal links remains partial, reinforced by an ‘over-territorialised’ conception of cultural embeddedness which sidelines the role of institutional actors operating outside and across the boundaries of ‘the local’. So motivated, this paper offers a theoretically-informed - and theoretically informing - empirical analysis of the high tech regional economy in Salt Lake City, Utah to explore the everyday causal mechanisms, practices and processes - both local and extra-local - through which firms’ cultural embedding within the region is manifested, performed and (un)intentionally (re)produced. In so doing, this paper aims to further our understanding of the constitutive entanglement and complex interweaving of cultural/economic practices, and to contribute to the development of an in-depth empirical corpus of work which compliments the exciting conceptual developments that have largely dominated cultural economic geography over the last decade.     

长沙、株洲、湘潭三市土壤中重金属元素的来源

为追踪长沙、株洲、湘潭3个城市表层土壤中Cd、As、Pb等重金属元素的来源,分析了土壤、基岩、大气干湿沉降、水、悬浮物等介质之间重金属元素的质量平衡和土壤自身重金属元素含量随时间变化的特点。结果显示,除As外,区内基岩中的重金属元素含量低于克拉克值;残积物中Cd相对基岩贫化,As、Pb、Cu、Hg等重金属元素相对基岩的富集小于3倍;大气干湿沉降重金属元素相对土壤富集了数倍至数十倍;湘江水体主要向沿江潮土提供As、Cd物源:近50年内土壤重金属元素有较高的增加速率。不同介质间重金属元素的质量变化特点支持长沙、株洲、湘潭三市土壤重金属元素富集的主要物源为大气沉降,地表水及悬浮物是沿江湖土重金属元素的主要物源,基岩对土壤提供的物源有限的结论。     

土壤、大气尘中晶体的组成及其物源指示意义——以长沙、株洲和湘潭地区为例

基于长沙、株洲和湘潭地区大气尘(可吸入颗粒和近地表积尘)和表层土壤的X-射线衍射(XRD)分析数据,采用微量相鉴定方法获得的结果显示,大气尘和表层土壤中包含石英、石膏、方解石、白云石、硫酸镉等自然矿物及SiS_2、NiTi、Cd_3As_2、FeOCl等非自然源晶体。比较了长沙、株洲、湘潭地区大气尘与表层土壤的晶体组成,分析了大气尘矿物及非自然源晶体的空间分布,探讨了其环境指示意义。     

福州市表层土壤农业生态环境质量评价

本文用地球化学指标和分级聚类模型中的积分值法,选取了N、P、K2O等16个指标对福州市表层土壤的农业生态环境质量进行了初步的评价分类。共划分为5个级别农业生态环境区。其中一般生态环境区面积最大,占全部面积58%。优良与良好生态环境区所占面积相对较小,两者合计面积同极差生态环境区面积相当,约占3%。各环境区多数富钾元素,贫中量、微量元素。并根据各个生态环境区的特点,对福州市农业规划与布局提出了建议。     

北京市泥石流灾害临界雨量研究

降雨是泥石流灾害的主要诱发因素。文章根据北京市历史上泥石流灾害发生时的前期雨量与当日激发雨量,建立了临界雨量判别模型。通过对北京地区泥石流灾害与降雨频率的分析,计算了不同时段的临界雨量;经验证明,计算结果是可信的。基于灾害与降雨频率分析来确定北京地区泥石流发生的临界雨量是一种新的尝试。该方法可用于计算不同泥石流沟道发生泥石流的临界雨量。     

汕头市花岗岩残积土的工程特性及路堑边坡稳定分析

花岗岩残积土在汕头市分布广泛,具有不均匀性及各向异性、扰动性、软化特性和崩解性。在天然状态下它们具有较低的压缩性、较高的承载力和较大的抗剪强度,但遇水后力学性质显著降低。花岗岩残积土的扰动性通常导致室内试验指标失真,使压缩模量低于变形模量,因此,花岗岩残积土的变形模量和地基承载力应通过原位测试(主要是标准贯入试验)来确定,并为此建立了本区花岗岩残积土地基容许承载力与标准贯入击数的对应关系。同时对汕头市花岗岩残积土路堑边坡失稳的原因进行分析并提出切实可行的防护办法。     

深圳市景亿山庄滑坡特征及成因分析

根据现场工程地质调查和勘察,论文深入分析了景亿山庄滑坡的变形特征、性质、变形机制,并探讨了滑坡的成因。指出在具有剥蚀残丘地貌特征的场地开挖以砂岩残积物为主要组成物质的边坡时,边坡高陡是造成边坡变形破坏的主要因素。长时间的持续降雨是诱发因素。对于陡倾原生节理裂隙发育的土质和类土质边坡,滑坡周界受边坡体内原生节理裂隙控制,滑坡后缘常沿该陡倾的节理裂隙发育。在深圳等降雨量大的亚热带气候区,若坡体内没有不利于边坡稳定的各种结构面,当边坡开挖高度不超过20m,总体坡率不陡于1∶1时,边坡能够保持短期稳定。但长期稳定性受当地降雨量和降雨强度的控制,开挖后若不采取适当的加固措施,易发生滑坡等浅层病害。其病害从孕育到发生可持续长达10a之久。通过论文的研究,可供在类似地区开挖边坡、整治边坡病害借鉴。     

城市气象保障技术的探讨

本文论述了城市气象服务和保障有关的实施技术,包括城市气象服务和保障中的实时气象资料的采集处理和检索、气候资料的查询分析、城市气象保障产品的制作、城市气象灾害的预报、服务信息的通信传输、应用软件和用户界面的设计等方面的技术,总结了在城市气象保障工作中,特别是大型活动中气象服务工作的相关技术经验。