HyLogging unconventional petroleum core from the Cooper Basin,South Australia

The Cooper Basin is currently Australia's premier onshore hydrocarbon-producing province and hosts a range of unconventional gas play types, including the very extensive basin-centred and tight gas accumulations in the Gidgealpa Group, both shallow and deep dry coal seam gas associated with the Patchawarra and Toolachee formations, as well as the shale gas plays in the Murteree and Roseneath shales. Characterisation of mineralogical properties of shales is critical to hydraulic fracture design and development of unconventional hydrocarbon resources. Properties are sensitive to variations in mineralogy, especially clays, and historically, acquisition of a suite of rock mechanics analyses has been on a point-source basis rather than on a continuous sampling approach, which is uncommon. In this paper, a near-continuous 382 m cored section, comprising the lower Permian Daralingie Formation, Roseneath and Murteree shales, the Epsilon Formation and the top portion of the Patchawarra Formation from Holdfast-1 well (DH261958) in the southern Cooper Basin, was measured using robotic core scanning spectroscopy with automated mineral identification. HyLogger 3 incorporates visible, near infrared, shortwave infrared and thermal infrared hyperspectral measurements recorded every 0.8 cm along the core at the rate of approximately 1 m per minute. These data are co-registered with a high-resolution image and a laser profile of the core. X-ray diffraction and thin-section petrology from the Holdfast-1 well-completion report (Beach Energy, 2011 Beach Energy (2011). Holdfast 1 well completion report. South Australian Department of State Development. Open file WCR 2010/000390. Retrieved from: https://sarigbasis.pir.sa.gov.au/WebtopEw/ws/samref/sarig1/image/DDD/HOLDFAST_001.zip [Google Scholar]) provided relative proportions of minerals including quartz, kaolinite, dickite, muscovite, illite, chlorite and siderite that enabled the modelled vs actual mineralogies to be constrained in the thermal infrared with a correlation coefficient of 0.85 for quartz, 0.79 for muscovite and 0.68 for kaolin; illite and siderite were more poorly correlated. HyLogger logging, when integrated with other petrophysical and analytical core data, provides a useful tool to better understand unconventional reservoirs and may assist in identification of zones that are conducive to fracture stimulation.     

Microfabric, chemical and mineralogical study of Indian marine clays

Marine clay deposits are encountered in the coastal regions of the world. They are soft in consistency with low shear strength and are highly compressible. The properties of these deposits are complex and diverse, and they mainly depend on the minerals present and microstructural arrangement of constituent particles. In the present investigation, the physico-chemical properties of the sediment samples obtained from marine deposits of east and west metropolitan coastal cities of India are discussed, and the test results obtained are compared with the synthetic samples such as bentonite and kaolinite. Mineralogical and fabric studies were carried out using scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction techniques. Several consolidation and strength tests were carried out to study the engineering behaviour of these deposits. The strength and compressibility (Cc) values of these deposits varies from 27 to 45 kN/m² and 0.37 to 0.81 respectively. XRD studies confirm the presence of highly compressible clay minerals such as smectite, vermiculite, chlorite and traces of the low swelling mineral, kaolinite. The fabric studies indicate that the constituent particles were arranged in an open network, or flocculated structure resulting in a high void ratio.     

由伊利石结晶度研究桂西右江地区区域极低级变质作用

运用伊利石结晶度Kübler指数将桂西右江地区下三叠统罗楼群和中三叠统百逢组下段划归为浅层变质带(K.I△2θ°为0.22～0.25);将中三叠统百逢组上段和河口组划归为近变质带,中三叠统百逢组上段为高级近变质带(K.I△2θ°为0.26～0.33);中三叠统上部河口组为低级近变质带(K.I△2θ°为0.38～0.40),不排除局部为成岩带的可能.地层柱自下向上,伊利石结晶度Kübler指数由小变大,变质程度由高变低,而且,变质作用级别与岩层在地层柱中位置协调以及变质带边界与地层界线趋于一致,证明为区域埋藏极低级变质作用.凌云明山金矿区剖面矿体和百逢组各层段伊利石结晶度Kübler指数为0.42～0.50,属成岩带,且没有明显时空变化规律.     

Heavy meals in urban roadside soils, part 1: effect of particle size fractions on heavy metals partitioning

Urban roadside soils are important environmental media for assessing heavy metal concentrations in urban environment. However, among other things, heavy metal concentrations are controlled by soil particle grain size fractions. In this study, two roadside sites were chosen within the city of Xuzhou (China) to reflect differences in land use. Bulk soil samples were collected and then divided by particle diameter into five physical size fractions, 500–250, 250–125, 125–74, 74–45, < 45 μm. Concentrations of metals (Ti, Cr, Al, Ga, Pb, Ba, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, V, Zn, Mo, As, Sb, Se, Hg, Bi, Ag) were determined for each individual fraction. These metals could be roughly classified into two groups: anthropogenic element (Pb, Ba, Cd, Cu, Zn, Mo, As, Sb, Se, Hg, Bi, Ag) and lithophile element (Ti, Cr, Al, Ga, Co, Mn, Ni, V) in terms of values of enrichment factor. As expected, higher concentrations of anthropogenic heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Mo, As, Hg, Bi, Ag) are observed in the finest particle grain size fraction (i.e. < 45 μm). However, heavy metals Se, Sb and Ba behave independently of selected grain size fractions. From the viewpoint of mass loading, more than 30% of the concentrations for all anthropogenic heavy metals are contributed by the particle grain size fractions of 45–74 μm at site 1 and more than 70% of the concentrations for all heavy metals are contributed by the particle grain size fractions of 45–74 and 74–125 μm at site 2. These results are important for transport of soil-bound heavy metals and pollution control by various remedial options.     

我国部分含油气盆地中混层I／M的X射线衍射分析

本文以我国部分含油气盆地中的混层I/M为例,论述了混层I/M的X射线衍射特征。解释了空气自然干燥和经乙二醇饱和的定向薄膜片X射线衍射图中,各反射所代表的面网复合类型,澄清了目前鉴定中的一些不明确观念。     

江苏镇江—扬州长江公路大桥桥基断裂断层泥定量研究

本文通过断裂层泥的矿物组分特征、粒度成分结构和分形、成熟度和目前活动度、石英碎屑形貌ＳＥＭ观测来分析与评价镇江至扬州长江公路大桥桥基断裂的抗震和抗断问题,得到主要影响桥基稳定性的ＮＷ－ＮＮＷ向世业洲场区优势断裂,主要活动时间为Ｑ３－Ｑ２。该研究对断裂带上建设特大型桥梁工程的区域稳定性综合研究和论证,以及对大桥工程的合理选址、设计和确保安全具有重大实际意义。     

Disposal of wastewater containing Congo Red by synthesizing layer double hydroxide in-situ

Based on the principle of synthesis, a new method was put forward to dispose Congo Red anion-containing dyestuff from wastewater and its feasibility was also examined. The principle of the method is described as follows: Mg²⁺ and Al³⁺ are hydrolyzed to form Mg/Al-LDH by adding Mg²⁺, Al³⁺ and NaOH in wastewater containing anion dyestuff, which is selectively intercalated with the interlayer of LDH in order to balance positive structural charge. While Mg²⁺ and Al³⁺ are co-precipitated to form LDH, the anion dyestuff in wastewater will be removed by LDH synthesized in-situ, as is confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis of settlings and chemical analysis of aqueous samples. In this work, we studied the influence of Mg/Al mole ratio, pH value, time and temperature of reaction on the removal of anion dyestuff and the use of Mg and Al. The experimental results showed the maximum removal efficiency of anion dyestuff could be attained when pH value was 9.0, and Mg/Al mol ratio was 2: 1, reaction duration was 2 hours, and the effect of temperature was not remarkable, and the removal efficiency could reach 100%. Meanwhile, the Mg and Al added could be made good use of. This technology has the advantage of extraordinary efficiency of wastewater disposal. Foundation item: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40472026).     

广西靖西县新圩铝土矿Ⅶ号矿体矿石热分析

广西靖西新圩堆积型铝土矿为我国典型的一水铝型铝土矿。以新圩堆积型铝土矿的典型样品为研究对象,通过X衍射分析确定其矿物组成,进一步借助差热(DTA)与热重(TG/DTG)分析,探索铝土矿石加热过程。X衍射分析显示5个铝土矿样品矿物组成主要为硬水铝石、赤铁矿、绿泥石、三水铝石、锐钛矿、金红石、针铁矿以及少量的高岭石。差热(DTA)分析显示铝土矿样品有2个明显的吸热峰,分别为三水铝石和硬水铝石吸热峰;热重(TG/DTG)曲线显示样品分解分为4个阶段,分别为吸附水失去阶段和三水铝石、针铁矿、硬水铝石脱羟基作用阶段。利用热重(TG/DTG)数据分别计算了硬水铝石、三水铝石、针铁矿矿物相对百分含量,与国内外同类型铝土矿矿石热分析特征对比显示具有大体一致的热分析特征。     

湖泊沉积物碳酸盐含量的XRD半定量分析

湖泊沉积中的碳酸盐对于气候环境具有很好的指示意义.利用化学分析方法(气量法)和X衍射(XRD)方法,对青藏高原可可西里库赛湖KS-2006孔沉积物中的碳酸盐含量进行了半定量分析.结果表明:虽然KS-2006孔沉积物中的矿物种类达9种之多,且XRD的测量误差(±5%)高于气量法的测量误差(±0.8%);但XRD法获得的KS-2006孔沉积物碳酸盐总含量的平均值(18.9%)以及波动范围(7%~39%),同气量法所获得的碳酸盐含量的平均值(19.4%)和波动范围(5.0%~30.7%)基本一致,而且二者具有很好的正相关关系(相关系数R²为0.3940),随深度的波动趋势一致,说明XRD方法在半定量分析湖泊沉积物碳酸盐矿物种类及其含量方面,具有很高的可靠性.     

Catalytic decarboxylations of fatty acids in immature oil source rocks

More attention has been paid to the formation conditions of petroleum and gas[1,2]. It is gen-erally accepted that various types of organic materials have served as the most important source of petroleum and gas in sediments. The formation of hydrocarbons…