Electron paramagnetic resonance studies on clinochlore from Longitudinal Valley area,northeastern Taiwan

A natural sample of clinochlore from the Longitudinal Valley area of northeastern Taiwan has been characterized by using the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopic techniques. The lattice parameters of the monoclinic (IIb) clinochlore with the composition (Mg_2.988 Al_1.196 Fe_1.6845 Mn_0.026)_5.8945 (Si_2.559 Al_1.441)₄ O₁₀ (OH)₈ have been calculated from the powder XRD data and are found to be a = 5.347 Å, b = 9.223 Å, c = 14.250 Å, β = 97.2° and Z = 2. The thermal behaviour of the sample showed the typical behaviour of clinochlore with a hydroxyl content of 12.5 wt%. The EPR spectrum at room temperature exhibits two resonance signals centred at g ≈ 2.0 and g ≈ 8.0. The signal at g ≈ 2.0 shows a six-line hyperfine structure which is a characteristic of Mn²⁺ ions in octahedral symmetry. The resonance signal at g ≈ 8.0 is a characteristic of Fe³⁺ ions. The EPR spectra have also been recorded at different temperatures (123–295 K). The population of spin levels (N) has been calculated for g ≈ 2.0 and g ≈ 8.0 resonance signals. It is observed that N increases with decreasing temperature. From EPR spectra, the spin-Hamiltonian parameters have been evaluated. The zero-field splitting parameter (D) is found to be temperature dependent. The peak-to-peak width of the g ≈ 8.0 resonance signal is found to increase with decrease in temperature.     

Mineral carbon MinC(%) from Rock-Eval analysis as a reliable and cost-effective measurement of carbonate contents in shale source and reservoir rocks

The abundance of carbonate minerals in rocks is an important element for petroleum geochemists, geologists and engineers to consider during hydrocarbon exploration and production. Carbonate minerals can be related to the depositional environments of the source rocks and hence the type of organic matter that can be subsequently modified through diagenetic processes. The total carbonate content in shales can also be used to deduce their fracability as reservoir rock for shale gas/oil extraction. At present, mineralogical analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD) is the most widely used technique in the oil and gas-related petrophysical and geochemical laboratories for identifying and quantifying carbonate minerals in rock samples. In contrast, the use of the total mineral carbon content parameter MinC (%) from Rock-Eval analysis has been limited despite (1) the parameter's effectiveness as demonstrated through instrument and methodology development; and (2) the presence of a large volume of Rock-Eval results due to its widespread use in the oil and gas industry.In this study, we acquired XRD and Rock-Eval analytical results on over nine hundred rock samples ranging from Ordovician to Cretaceous age from four petroleum sedimentary basins in Canada. Least-squares regression analyses produce empirical equations with R² values greater than 0.92 for the correlations between XRD total carbonate contents and the Rock-Eval MinC (%) values of six different suites of samples. This indicates that the MinC (%) values generated by Rock-Eval 6 and other instruments of similar capability can be used with confidence for estimating the amounts of total carbonates in sedimentary rock samples. While the correlation between the two types of carbonate content measurements is geology-specific, a global linear regression model (R² of 0.97) based on the large combined data set has been proposed for approximating the total carbonate abundances based on Rock-Eval MinC (%) values.     

硼酸盐水溶液结构及研究方法

硼酸盐水溶液中多聚硼酸盐阴离子的分布及其平衡十分复杂。综述了水溶液中硼酸盐的主要存在形式、化学平衡及其研究方法。重点介绍和评价了离子交换、电导/电势滴定、11B核磁共振(11B NMR)、红外(IR)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、质谱(MS)等方法及其研究结论。对硼酸盐溶液结构研究的新方法如计算机模拟和衍射法,尤其是X射线衍射法(XRD)进行了介绍和展望。     

天津蓟县长城系串岭沟组混层粘土矿物

为了解天津蓟县长城系串岭沟组地层中混层粘土矿物的组成和结构特征, 利用X射线粉晶衍射(XRD) 和高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM) 对其进行了深入研究.通过对比该区粘土矿物的自然干燥片、Ca离子饱和片、Ca饱和的乙二醇膨胀片、加热到375℃和550℃的乙二醇膨胀片获取的XRD衍射峰, 确定该区混层粘土矿物为伊利石/蒙脱石(I/S) 不规则混层矿物和绿泥石/蒙脱石(Chl/S) 不规则混层矿物.从高分辨透射电镜观察到I/S规则及不规则混层的晶格条纹像以及Chl/S不规则混层的晶格条纹像, 揭示了该区I/S混层和Chl/S混层的层间堆跺结构特征.该研究为蓟县中元古界典型剖面提供了重要的混层粘土矿物的结构信息.      

交联蒙脱石(CLM)的制备及表征

本以大冶、太和及潍坊膨润土为原料制备了锆、硅锆及铝锆交联蒙脱石。通过阳离子交换交联剂嵌入蒙脱石层间域可制备大底面间距的交联粘土，当锆交联剂在85-90℃温度下陈化4h，蒙脱石浓度为1％，投料比为4mmol/g，pH=1-2，常温条件下制备的锆交联粘土（Zr-CLM），其d001为2.01nm，比表现积为182.5m^5/g，ZrO2含量17.74％；硅锆或铝锆混合交联剂嵌入蒙脱石层间，有利于产物的d001增大和热稳定性提高。     

下地幔温压下(Mg, Fe)SiO3钙钛矿的相稳定性

在69～100 GPa冲击压力(估算温度为2600～4300 K)范围内进行了初始样品为(Mg0.92, Fe0.08)SiO3顽火辉石和MgO+SiO2的冲击压缩回收实验。对回收样品进行的X射线衍射(XRD)分析结果表明: 两发顽火辉石回收样品的主相均是单链状结构硅酸盐, 而非钙钛矿结构; 另外, 回收样品中均未观察到氧化物SiO2 和(Mg0.92, Fe0.08)O的XRD特征谱线; 两发MgO+SiO2回收样品中均观察到SiO2和镁橄榄石(Mg2SiO4)而没有氧化物MgO。实验结果表明: 在冲击压缩过程中样品处于钙钛矿结构, 在冲击卸载过程中样品发生了由钙钛矿结构向单链状结构的逆转相变; 在实验的温压范围内, 不可能发生由(Mg0.92, Fe0.08)SiO3向SiO2和(Mg0.92, Fe0.08)O的化学分解相变, 顽火辉石的高压相——钙钛矿结构是稳定的。高压加载或卸载过程引起的晶格畸变导致回收样品和原始样品的谱线差异, 而高压加载导致钙钛矿型(Mg0.92, Fe0.08)SiO3晶格畸变的可能性更大。     

即时合成层状双氢氧化物处理高氟水的实验研究

提出了即时合成层状双氢氧化物去除F-的新方法,并初步揭示了反应的基本原理:首先由Mg2 、Al3 水解共沉淀形成LDH,然后F-嵌入LDH层间平衡结构电荷,从而使F-离子以LDH沉淀的形式被去除。研究结果表明,影响处理效果的因素包括Mg/Al比值、pH值、反应时间等。当Mg/Al为2∶1,pH值为9.5,反应时间为120 min时,F-去除率较高,Mg、Al利用比较充分,显示这种废水处理技术具有非常好的研究价值。     

云南兰坪-思茅盆地勐野井矿区钾石盐的特征及其沉积环境

本文运用X射线粉晶衍射(XRD)、透射电镜-能谱(TEM-EDS)和工业C T等方法,对云南江城勐野井钾盐矿床580m运输坑道地质剖面钾矿石的特征进行了研究。XRD和TEM-ESD结果给出,矿石中的盐类矿物主要是石盐、钾石盐、硬石膏和菱镁矿,钾石盐主要赋存在青灰色岩盐和灰绿色泥砾质岩盐中。CT结果表明,青灰色钾盐矿体中的石盐呈近似圆形和棱角分明的角砾,钾石盐沿石盐角砾的边缘呈条带状或不规则状分布,在条带状的内部可见钾石盐呈粒状或团块状分布,其中粒状钾石盐可能以八面体和立方体为主,而团块状钾石盐无特定晶形。钾石盐的这种分布特征表明,该盐类矿床在蒸发沉积过程中,早期沉积的石盐体呈遭受外力破坏,后期形成的钾石盐沿其裂隙沉积,表明钾石盐形成晚于石盐,且可能有多次沉积。     

川西微晶白云母的X射线粉晶衍射分析

川西微晶白云母是一种新型的非金属矿物资源,采用X射线粉晶衍射分析对川西微晶白云母的进行了深入研究,发现该矿床存在白云母-多硅白云母矿物组合。该矿物组合中的微晶白云母和多硅白云母结晶度高,多型为2M1,其含量分别为80%和20%左右;二者都属二八面体型白云母类矿物,但d060和b值偏大,微晶白云母的d060=0.1502 nm,b=0.9012 nm,多硅白云母的d060=0.1505 nm,b=0.9030 nm;微晶白云母矿铝含量较低、铁镁含量较高,其原因是白云母晶体铝氧八面体中的Al离子被Fe、Mg等离子所取代,这一矿物组合是通过矿物类质同象作用所形成一种多硅白云母系列矿物。