An integrated heterogeneous web service retrieval via combination of instance- and metadata-based schema matching method

Schema matching is a critical step in the integration of heterogeneous web service, which contains various types of web services and multi-version services of the same type. Mapping loss or mismatch usually occurs due to schema differences in structure and content and the variety in concept definition and organization. Current instance schema matching methods are not mature enough for heterogeneous web service because they cannot deal with the instance data in web service domain and capture all the semantics, especially metadata semantics. The metadata-based and the instance-based matching methods, in the case of being employed individually, are not efficient to determine the concept relationships, which are crucial for finding high-quality matches between schema attributes. In this paper, we propose an improved schema matching method, based on the combination of instance and metadata (CIM) matcher. The main method of our approach is to utilize schema structure, element labels, and the corresponding instance data information. The matching process is divided into two phases. In the first phase, the metadata-based matchers are used to compute the element label similarity of multi-version open geospatial consortium web service schema, and the generated matching results are raw mappings, which will be reused in the next instance matching phase. In the second phase, the designed instance matching algorithms are employed to the instance data of the raw mappings and fine mappings are generated. Finally, the raw mappings and the fine mappings are combined, and the final mappings are obtained. Our experiments are executed on different versions of web coverage service and web feature service instance data deployed in Geoserver. The results indicate that, the CIM method can obtain more accurate matching results and is flexible enough to handle the web service instance data.     

System Design Considerations for the Development of an Electronic Statistical Atlas

In the recent history of cartography, atlases deserve a prominent status among cartographic products due to the variety of their thematic content, the rather friendly appearance and their utilization by a wide spectrum of users. Advances in information technology, and more specifically in geographic information systems and digital mapping, have altered the fundamental way of using maps, and thus they have a major impact on every aspect of electronic atlas design and development. Although considerable effort has been made towards the production of electronic atlases, and successful systems are available, there are still a number of factors that must be considered towards the improvement of their design and functional characteristics. This paper elaborates on those factors and suggests a specific approach toward the design and development of electronic atlases, particularly electronic statistical atlases. This approach has been used for the development of the Statistical Atlas of the European Union (STATLAS_EU), which is intended to provide a user-friendly resource for statistical analysis.     

Assessing similarity matching for possible integration of feature classifications of geospatial data from official and informal sources

One difficulty in integrating geospatial data sets from different sources is variation in feature classification and semantic content of the data. One step towards achieving beneficial semantic interoperability is to assess the semantic similarity among objects that are categorised within data sets. This article focuses on measuring semantic and structural similarities between categories of formal data, such as Ordnance Survey (OS) cartographic data, and volunteered geographic information (VGI), such as that sourced from OpenStreetMap (OSM), with the intention of assessing possible integration. The model involves ‘tokenisation’ to search for common roots of words, and the feature classifications have been modelled as an XML schema labelled rooted tree for hierarchical analysis. The semantic similarity was measured using the WordNet::Similarity package, while the structural similarities between sub-trees of the source and target schemas have also been considered. Along with dictionary and structural matching, the data type of the category itself is a comparison variable. The overall similarity is based on a weighted combination of these three measures. The results reveal that the use of a generic similarity matching system leads to poor agreement between the semantics of OS and OSM data sets. It is concluded that a more rigorous peer-to-peer assessment of VGI data, increasing numbers and transparency of contributors, the initiation of more programs of quality testing and the development of more directed ontologies can improve spatial data integration.     

中国地貌区划新论

地貌区划是研究自然环境空间分异的基础,在区域地貌研究中具有十分重要的地位.本文分析总结了国内外地貌区划的相关研究成果,系统探讨了地貌区划的具体步骤与方法、地貌区划的原则、各级地貌区划的依据和标准,提出地貌类型组合和地貌成因类型的基本异同是各级地貌区划的依据.本文以中国1:400 万地貌图等新资料为基础,应用GIS 方法,结合中国三大地貌阶梯及其内部地貌格局的特点,通过分析我国各地基本地貌类型组合的差异及其形成原因,将中国地貌区划分为东部低山平原大区、东南低中山地大区、中北中山高原大区、西北高中山盆地大区、西南亚高山地大区和青藏高原大区6 个地貌大区,并分别简要论述了各大区的地貌特征.各大区内部又据次级基本地貌类型和地貌成因类型及其组合差异进一步分区,全国共划分了38个地貌区.     

RDF/XML在地学数据Web共享中的应用研究

本文基于W3C推荐的资源描述框架（RDF）,利用RDF/XML语法法规范实现了地学多学科元数据的表达和交换;设计了地学多学科元数据扩展和共存方案;以RDF／XML为中间层,构建了地学数据Web共享的基本框架。研究表明RDF／XML在地学数据Web共享中的应用前景十分广阔。     

浙江省地面气象观测数据A文件资料解读入库方案

A文件是地面气象观测数据文件的简称,由于A文件存储要素方式位的复杂性,直接对A文件资料的查询、统计非常不方便,尤其是需要对不同台站、不同月份的A文件进行查询统计时.通过编写程序将A文件观测资料解读写入XML数据文件和关系型数据库,形成完整的浙江省A文件观测资料数据库.就可以很方便的在此基础上开发相应的查询统计应用软件,就能实现全省任意时段、区域A文件观测资料的查询和统计,为A文件观测资料数据的二次开发应用奠定了基础.     

XML在气象业务中的开发和应用

XML是一种扩展标记语言,能够实现简单的数据存储,现已成为网络应用开发通用的数据接口文件.主要介绍XML语言结构特点,并通过在公共气象服务业务平台开发中的应用实例阐述了XML语言的生成方式和调用方法等.     

遥感影像数据库引擎设计与实现

在参考国内外现有资料的基础上,提出一个遥感影像元数据标准草案,并利用该元数据标准对遥感影像数据进行描述:用大型关系数据库对遥感影像数据及其元数据进行一体化管理,实现遥感影像数据的结构化存储;使用XML对遥感影像元数据进行描述,便于实现影像元数据的网上查询与检索,并最终实现遥感影像数据的网络共享。     

基于XML Web Service的网络地理信息系统的构建

网络地理信息系统WebGIS是一种更为开放的、符合分布式GIS应用趋势的解决方案,文中论述了Web-GIS采用的技术及面临问题,阐述了XML Web Service这种全新的动态分布式计算模式的实现技术。并提出以Supermap IS.NET提供的服务式GIS平台,构建基于XML Web Service体系的开放式WebGIS设计方案,说明了系统方案的优越性和可行性。     

LUNARINFO: A Data Archiving and Retrieving System for the Circumlunar Explorer Based on XML/Web Services

It is essential to build a modern information management system to store and manage data of our circumlunar explorer in order to realize the scientific objectives. It is difficult for an information system based on traditional distributed technology to communicate information and work together among heterogeneous systems in order to meet the new requirement of Internet development. XML and Web Services, because of their open standards and self-containing properties, have changed the mode of information organization and data management. Now they can provide a good solution for building an open, extendable, and compatible information management system, and facilitate interchanging and transferring of data among heterogeneous systems. On the basis of the three-tiered browse/server architectures and the Oracle 9i Database as an information storage platform, we have designed and implemented a data archiving and retrieval system for the circumlunar explorer-LUNARINFO. We have also