三国创基立业的地理阐释

地理环境是历史发展的空间,军事活动的“舞台”,是人类生存与发展不可脱离的物质基础。自古以来,人类在地理环境这个舞台上演出了一幕幕惊天动地、可歌可泣的史剧。战争总是在一定地域上进行的,地理环境对于政治、军事力量的抗衡以及作战规模与方式等有着深刻的影响与制约作用。纵观历史,历代区域政治、军事力量间的抗衡多有一定的地理背景与自然基础。而魏、蜀、吴三国鼎立也概莫能外。剖析魏蜀吴创基立国的地理背景,自然基础以及政治、军事活动与地理环境的关系无疑是有意义的     

Allelopathic interactions between the macroalga Ulva pertusa and eight microalgal species

Growth of Ulva pertusa and eight microalgal species, Heterosigma akashiwo, Skeletonema costatum, Tetraselmis subcordiformis, Nitzschia closterium, Chaetoceros gracile, Chroomonas placoidea 1967, Isochrysis galbana 8701, and Alexandrium tamarense, was examined in a series of batch, semi-continuous and isolated co-cultures (U. pertusa and one microalgal species). The results of the experiments with co-cultures confirmed the secretion of allelopathic substances by U. pertusa. Growth was significantly (p<0.05) suppressed in each of the macroalgal species in batch co-cultures, nutrient replete semi-continuous co-cultures and isolated co-cultures. The percentage growth reduction varied between 42 and 100% in batch co-cultures, between 28 and 100% in semi-continuous co-cultures, and between 21 and 100% in isolated co-cultures. In addition, we examined the potential allelopathic effect of U. pertusa culture filtrate. The Ulva culture filtrate significantly (p<0.01) inhibited the growth of C. placoidea from 2 days after incubation until the end of the experiment, and it exhibited no inhibitory effect on the growth of the other microalgal species. This may suggest that the allelochemicals released from U. pertusa are rapidly degradable.The microalgae tested exhibited different (stimulatory, inhibitory or no) effects on the growth of U. pertusa. U. pertusa grew faster with H. akashiwo (+16%) and S. costatum (+9%), less with T. subcordiformis (−20%), N. closterium (−23%) and C. gracile (−30%), but was not significantly affected by I. galbana, A. tamarense and C. placoidea. The microalgae tested exhibited no clear allelopathic effects on U. pertusa.     

杏林虾池综合养殖系统主要环境因子的变化

根据1999年10月至2000年7月在厦门市杏林虾池综合养殖系统进行水质（水温、透明度、比重、氨氮、亚硝酸氮、硝酸氮、无机磷、pH值、化学需氧量）和沉积物（有机质、硫化物）的跟踪调查，分析结果表明：该养殖系统的水质和沉积物的各项指标较稳定，基本上符合水产养殖的要求，实际生产效益也表明该虾池综合养殖效益较显著。     

青岛海边数种螺旋藻(Spirulina spp.)的分类研究

本文描述了从青岛海边分离的数种螺旋藻的形态与分类 按照文献[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]标准种形态的描述,本研究室藻种号MACC/Y146被定为Spirulina versicolor,MACC/Y171被定为S.subtilissima,MACC/Y38被定为S.subsalsa,MACC/Y133被定为Spirulina sp.其中MACC/Y146,MACC/Y133我国尚未报导 以上各种均系单克降培养     

乳酸链球菌L318的培养及其对海洋弧菌的抑制作用

以海洋弧菌作为检测菌，采用平板抑菌圈检测法，对发酵上清液的抑菌性质和在不同培养条件下，包括碳源、氮源、初始培养基pH值、温度、接种量和装液量等，乳酸链球菌L318的生长和对海洋弧菌的抑制作用进行研究。结果表明，含有乳链菌肽的发酵上清液经稀释2～5倍后，具有较强的抑菌活性；乳链菌肽在酸性条件下比在碱性条件下稳定。采用蔗糖或葡萄糖碳源，酵母膏、蛋白胨和牛肉膏为复合氮源，能够获得菌体的最佳生长和最佳的抑菌活性，最适的对海洋弧菌的抑制条件为温度30℃，接种量2%～4%，装液量100ml。初始pH值对海洋弧菌的抑制作用不明显。     

Ecological restoration, cultural preferences and the negotiation of ‘nativeness’ in Australia

The paper addresses cultural assumptions about ‘nativeness’ and ‘belonging’ to place as they are implicated in notions of ‘ecological restoration’. Given the centrality of complex notions of ‘indigeneity’ to the issue of what ecological ‘restoration’ means in Australia, this is a rich area for cultural and historical analysis. Case materials illustrate the negotiated and ambiguous nature of Australian ideas about what ‘belongs’ ecologically and culturally across the broad continent of this relatively young post-Settler nation. We seek to foreground these issues through consideration of what ‘restoring’ nature might mean in the context of debates about native plants, the re-introduction of an iconic species of ground dwelling bird, the removal of cane toads that are demonised as highly ‘alien’, and the multiple ways in which the dingo is regarded ambiguously as both native and a ‘pest’ that needs to be controlled and culled. By showing how ‘restoration’ can be understood and mobilised in a variety of ways – in terms of the ‘re-naturing’, ‘re-valuing’ and/or ‘repatriating’ of indigenous species, as well as impassioned rejection of ‘exotics’ – we emphasise the importance of social science for building a well-grounded sense of how environmental management priorities and approaches are informed by a wider set of cultural assumptions.     

仰韶文化人类遗骸古DNA的初步研究

近20年来, 古DNA研究技术和方法已迅猛发展.目前从古人类残骸中获取DNA序列, 进而讨论人类的演化、亲缘关系和迁移成为分子人类学的一个重要方向.本研究对采自陕西临潼仰韶文化6 000多年前的姜寨遗址第一期和第二期文化层中的古人类残骸进行古DNA提取、扩增和测序, 获得了169 bp的线粒体高变控制区Ⅰ的古DNA片段, 与现代西安人同源性序列有2个位点的突变.另外, 通过在不同实验室进行重复性实验和系统发育分析等方法详细地论证了所获得的DNA序列的可靠性.在所研究的6个姜寨遗址样品中有3个样品获得古DNA序列, 古DNA的提取成功率为50%, 高于一般的古DNA研究材料的提取率, 说明姜寨遗址的人类残骸是研究古DNA的理想材料, 为今后从分子水平上研究姜寨遗址及其他同地区仰韶文化遗址的古人类墓葬及中国古人类分子演化关系奠定了基础.      

浅谈我国高校开设民俗类公共选修课的意义

在分析民俗类公共选修课在高校中受欢迎的原因的基础上，探讨了高校开设民俗类公共选修课的意义：（1）学习民俗文化是高校毕业生参与未来国际竞争的需要；（2）让学生了解民俗文化潜在的强制性、规范性和宣泄性；（3）增强学生的民族自豪感和荣誉感；（4）培养高校学生的“和合”观念；（5）帮助学生形成正确的世界观、人生观和价值观等。     

桃源文化旅游探究——以常德桃花源为例

从解读陶渊明《桃花源记》入手,通过大量文献资料的查阅,对桃源是否存在及其发源地的南、北之争等问题进行历史脉络的梳理和探讨,提出桃源文化旅游的概念。对桃源文化旅游资源进行分类和对比,认为桃源文化的核心是桃源意境,即仙化田园,其由村民、村庄和村田3村要素构成,常德桃花源是我国历史最久、文物价值最高、保存规模最大的桃源文化遗存,在我国桃源文化中具有代表性。通过对桃源意境与乡村旅游金字塔模型的对比分析,认为从发生的年代性和内涵的一致性看,桃源意境是乡村旅游的原型;为保护和弘扬民族传统文化,将常德桃花源作为非物质文化传承的载体并申报国家非物质文化遗产具有现实和科学意义。最后,以常德桃花源为例,探讨如何建设大桃花源和实施桃源常德区域旅游发展战略以及打造常德桃源文化旅游品牌。     

地方性与传承：宜兴紫砂文化的地理品牌与变迁

全球化背景下,随着人文地理学对空间的认识不断加深,本土标志性地方品牌的地理学研究显得十分必要。以中国宜兴为案例研究地,从地理品牌的构建来考察宜兴地区特有的紫砂文化生产活动,揭示地理因素在赋予地方品牌深层意义的机制中发挥的作用。通过紫砂文化地理核心的变迁分析,探析地理品牌动态化的传承中如何增加历史文化价值,揭示地方性特点...