TOWARDS A BETTER FORECAST FOR RESERVOIR SLOPE SLIDING

The siltation of reservoir causes many problems of management and environmental disturbances that are important to minimize. Solving these problems requires in particular a good knowledge of mud bank instabilities. In partnership with the Laboratoire National d'Hydraulique (LNH), a subsidiary of Electricite de France (E.D.F.), authors realize a study of soft soils sliding entailed by reservoir emptying. Using a geotechnical flat sliding mechanism, the theoretical formulation of the safety factor can be established when the sediment mass is submerged and emergent. The measurement campaign carried out makes it possible to obtain bathymetric and topographic surveys and a geotechnical characterization of the soil for the whole reservoir of Grangent dam, located on the Loire (France). The proposed model appears to agree satisfactorily with the instability of the zones emerged because of the emptying and with the stability of the profile after emptying. The use of this model within the framework of forecasts     

Socio-spatial polarization and the (re-)distribution of deprived groups in world cities: A case study of Hong Kong

This paper draws on theoretical discussions of world cities to analyze socio-spatial polarization and (re-)distribution of deprived groups in Hong Kong in the 2000s. Intensifying global economic restructuring processes have induced socio-economic polarization, thereby producing deprived groups although the spatial outcomes may depend on the city-specific context. When local policies do not counteract the polarization trend, a spatial manifestation of widening socio-economic gaps can be expected. Intensified pro-growth policies adopted since Hong Kong’s return to Chinese rule in 1997 and during its economic recession in the early 2000s have worsened the impact of globalization-induced socio-economic and spatial restructuring. Census data from 2001 and 2011 show increasingly differentiated socio-economic profiles at the district level. The analysis offered in this study also points to a decreased socially mixed society in 2011 when the deprived groups lived in districts with less presence of the advantaged population.     

基于迭代融合的InSAR技术获取数字高程模型研究

数字高程模型是重要的地理空间数据,可以提供丰富的地形信息.为了获得时效性好、分辨率高的数字高程模型,本文以南京市为实验区域,利用德国宇航局TerraSAR-X卫星同一轨道上的两幅StripMap模式SAR影像对,主从影像时间间隔只有66天,空间分辨率为3 m.采用InSAR技术,通过迭代的方法来提高获取DEM的分辨率,并结合JAXA/EORC提供的AW3D30数字表面模型与迭代后的DEM进行融合来解决阴影等问题,最终获取了南京地区的高精度数字高程模型.将实验结果分别与90 m分辨率的SRTM、30 m分辨率的ASTER GDEM、30 m分辨率的AW3D30进行相互对比分析.结果表明,相比三种常用的DEM而言,本文获取的DEM能够更精确的获取地面的细节信息,特别是对于分布稀疏的大型单体建筑物,能够很好的恢复其三维信息,但是对于建筑物分布较为密集的区域,由于传感器视线受阻,不能观测建筑物的全貌,阴影分布较多,导致此类区域的DEM结果不理想,还需进一步深入研究,提高精度及可靠性.     

二战期间美国地缘战略空间观念变迁 ——基于地图投影的视角

在地图投影变换影响下,得益于多样化的地图服务,二战期间美国地缘战略空间观念经历了从孤立主义向干涉主义的转变,推动了美国的参战与具体战略展开。这一空间逻辑在战时地图投影的选择上表现为从圆柱投影下的二维“矩形世界”向等距方位投影下的“圆形世界”和正射投影下的三维“球体世界”“鸟瞰世界”转变,折射出空中时代下的全球一体观。通过不同投影下“地图空间”的调整,二战期间美国地缘战略空间观念逐渐接近现实地球空间,这无疑增强了美国参战的合理性和战略决策的正确性。作为认知话语和实践话语的统一,地图投影通过地图服务反映并参与到了二战的地缘政治发展进程。伴随着美国地缘战略空间观念的变迁,美国也由此从世界舞台的边缘走向国际体系的中心。在当前中国和平崛起和全球地缘调整的大背景下,地图投影创新也为今后的地缘关系研究提供了诸多启示。     

太平洋岛国对澳大利亚地缘战略影响的历史考察

历史上太平洋岛国对澳大利亚地缘战略的影响以第二次世界大战为分水岭,主要分为三个阶段：二战前是地缘战略缺失阶段,当时澳大利亚无视周边地缘环境,将国家安全系于遥远英帝国的庇护,忽视近邻岛屿的防御屏障作用,导致国家遭受战火;二战时期是地缘战略构建阶段,随着澳美战时同盟成立,太平洋上的海空航线成为澳大利亚的“生命线”,澳大利亚的独立防务意识也不断加强,意图凭借《澳新协定》将太平洋岛国纳入势力范围;二战后是地缘战略丰富阶段,在太平洋岛国发展问题日益突出和岛屿地区安全态势日趋复杂的背景下,澳大利亚实施援助战略以促进地区的繁荣与稳定。未来,澳大利亚将继续保持该地区最大援助国的地位。     

Contemporary Refugee‐Border Dynamics and the Legacies of the 1919 Paris Peace Conference

While the geopolitical legacies of the World War I peace negotiations are widely recognized, this article examines the often overlooked connection between the WWI Paris Peace Conference's spatial and geopolitical logics and contemporary refugee‐border dynamics. We argue that the spatial and geopolitical logics that framed the WWI Paris Peace Conference—the creation of new states, the propagation of the Western ideal of bounded sovereign states, the nationalist goals of self‐determination and homogeneous ethnic nations, and the establishment of a system of international governance—continue to impact refugee‐border dynamics and “crises” today. The categories, ideals, and practices of the international refugee regime that emerged over the last one‐hundred years stem in great part from these logics. In this paper, we urge critical contemplation about how these foundations—including the establishment of the post of High Commissioner for Refugees in 1921, the resultant Nansen Passports, the post‐WWI minority treaties, and lastly the 1933 Convention Relating to the International Status of Refugees—connect to contemporary human (im)mobility and border violence. We also introduce the articles in this special issue and highlight key themes and future directions for research in critical migration studies.     

基于天地图的便携式自然资源政务云平台研发

以国家天地图互联网数据为基础,以充分融合的某市地理信息三维倾斜数据、VR数据、专题数据与政务大数据为基础平台数据,在便携式移动设备上研发通用的政务大数据平台。并以云服务的形式提供大数据,为政府现场办公管理提供了科学的数据参考,在河长制管理、生态红线划分保护、工农业经济发展、旅游产业发展等方面进行了应用,在推动数字城市、智慧城市发展方面,具有积极的社会意义。     

中沙地块南部断裂发育特征及其成因机制

利用最新多道地震剖面资料,结合重力、磁力、地形等地球物理资料,揭示了中沙地块南部断裂空间展布特征、断裂发育时期、断裂内部构造形变特征及深部地壳结构,并基于认识探讨了断裂的发育机制。研究结果认为,中沙地块南部陆缘构造属性为非火山型被动大陆边缘：地壳性质从西北向东南由减薄陆壳向洋陆过渡壳再向正常洋壳发育变化;Moho面埋深从中沙地块下方的26 km快速抬升到海盆的10~12 km;从中沙地块陡坡至其前缘海域的重力异常明显负异常区为洋陆过渡带,在重力由高值负异常上升到海盆的低值正、负异常的边界为洋陆边界。中沙地块南部发育有4组阶梯状向海倾的深大正断裂,主要发育时期为晚渐新世到中中新世。断裂早期发育与南海东部次海盆近NS向扩张有关,后期遭受挤压变形、与菲律宾海板块向南海的NWW向仰冲有关。该研究有助于更好认识南海海盆的扩张历史和南海被动大陆边缘的类型。     

第二次世界大战后英国乡村景观研究的脉络走向及启示

英国是全球乡村景观建设和发展的典范。从地理学、生态学及规划学等综合的视角出发,首先从社会背景上分析二战后英国乡村景观的演变轨迹;其次从学术背景梳理英国乡村景观的研究历程,并从学科角度提炼不同阶段的研究重点及研究特征;最后从研究趋势方面讨论学者们最新的研究议题。在梳理和总结英国乡村景观研究的基础上,提出对中国乡村景观研究的启示和借鉴。     

闽南-台湾浅滩渔场蓝圆鲹资源的评估

以1971—1987年的蓝圆鲹叉长组成资料,应用体长股分析法评估了闽南-台湾浅滩渔场蓝圆鲹的资源。结果表明,1971—1980年的现存资源数量和生物量分别为45292×10~5尾和9.49×10~4t,1981—1987年分别为63908×10~5尾和13.51×10~4t;1971—1980年和1981—1987年的瞬时捕捞死亡率分别为0.6347和0.4859。通过Beverton-Holt模式估算出蓝圆鲹目前的持续产量为9.58×10~4t,最佳最小捕捞叉长为135mm。