Polymorphic Zooids in Deitaic Species Populations of Conopeum seurati (CANU, 1928) (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata)

Abstract. Deltaic populations of Conopeum seurati from diverse environmental settings have variable phenotypes related to strong competitive regimes and to dissolved oxygen minima. Under extremely stressful conditions, the poorly canalized phenotype of C. seurati displays new additional features such as kleistozooids ( kleistós = closed) and chaotic celleporoid layers. Kleistozooids are clearly distinguishable polymorphs characterized by the presence of a compact, imperforate frontal membrane and by a strongly reduced lumen of the "opesium". They commonly aggregate in clusters of regularly-arranged individuals that store a large quantity of proteic material. The inferred function of these cell-like structures is to supply nutrients for basic colony activities. Celleporoid layers are, possibly, a developmental relaxation of the colony of C. seurati for a more efficient use of space in competitive interactions.
Both celleporoid layers and kleistozooids reveal the magnitude of intracolony variability of a widespread opportunistic bryozoan species.     

Nutrient Concentrations are High in the Turbid Waters of the Colorado River Delta

We studied the seasonal change of the spatial distribution of nitrite (NO^-₂), nitrate (NO^-₃), reactive phosphate (PO^3-₄), and silicate (SiO₂) in the Colorado River Delta. We also generated 24-h time series at one location to study their short-period variability. The delta is a negative estuary. During summer, salinity may be as high as 40. Amplitude of spring tides is as large as 9 m, and this causes great water turbidity by sediment resuspension. Nutrient concentrations were high throughout the whole year, with lower values towards the oceanic region. Maximum nutrient values in the river delta were 15, 53, 11·5 and 92 μM, for NO^-₂, NO^-₃, PO^3-₄, and SiO₂, respectively. Most values were under 2, 40, 5, and 60 μM, for NO^-₂, NO^-₃, PO^3-₄, and SiO₂, respectively. Our nutrient data show no clear seasonal pattern. Possibly, high NO^-₃ values in the delta are due to groundwater input, mostly at the internal extreme, and high NO^-₂, PO^3-₄, and SiO₂ values are due to resuspension of sediments and mixing of porewaters with the water column, caused mainly during spring tides. In the case of NO^-₂, oxidation of NH⁺₄ in the water column would be part of the mechanism. This would explain the high negative correlation between NO^-₃ and sea-level, and the relatively low correlation between the other nutrients and sea-level, for the time series generated at a single location.     

浅表土体强度对黄河水下三角洲微地貌形成的控制作用

通过在黄河三角洲潮滩现场进行土体强度试验研究，发现黄河三角洲沉积土体强度浅表存在空间非均匀性，指出浅表土体强度的非均匀性是控制黄河水下三角洲微地貌形态复杂性的基础。     

距今三万年来西北太平洋洋流系统变化的初步研究

本文探讨了西北太平洋流系统变化的研究方法,并利用这些方法恢复了距今三万年以来这一地区洋流系統变化的过程。     

Deep-circulation flow at mid-latitude in the western North Pacific

Direct current measurements with five moorings at 27–35°N, 165°E from 1991 to 1993 and with one mooring at 27°N, 167°E from 1989 to 1991 revealed temporal variations of deep flow at mid-latitude in the western North Pacific. The deep-circulation flow carrying the Lower Circumpolar Deep Water from the Southern Ocean passed 33°N, 165°E northwestward with a high mean velocity of 7.8 cm s⁻¹ near the bottom and was stable enough to continue for 4–6 months between interruptions of 1- or 2-months duration. The deep-circulation flow expanded or shifted intermittently to the mooring at 31°N, 165°E but did not reach 35°N, 165°E although it shifted northward. The deep-circulation flow was not detected at the other four moorings, whereas meso-scale eddy variations were prominent at all the moorings, particularly at 35°N and 29°N, 165°E. The characteristics of current velocity and dissolved oxygen distributions led us to conclude that the deep-circulation flow takes a cyclonic pathway after passing through Wake Island Passage, passing 24°N, 169.5–173°E and 30°N, 168–169°E northward, proceeds northwestward around 33°N, 165°E, and goes westward through the south of the Shatsky Rise. We did not find that the deep-circulation flow proceeded westward along the northern side of the Mid-Pacific Seamounts and eastward between the Hess Rise and the Hawaiian Ridge toward the Northeast Pacific Basin.     

珠江口盆地三角洲相前积反射结构的分布特征及成因探讨

本文应用地震地层学的解释方法,简述了珠江口盆她中中新世三角洲相前积结构的分布特征,探讨了造成这种特殊分布现象的地质原因,提出原始倾斜的沉积基面、生长断层的存在和断层面不同的倾斜方向是控制前积结构分布的主要因素。     

An improved method for mapping tidal waterways based on remotely sensed waterlines: A case study in the Yellow River Delta,China

Abstract

Tidal waterways perform as the paths through which seawater invades. Their spatial-temporal variation with the shift in Yellow River’s route requires the accurate measurement of their status. Visual interpretation for delineating tidal waterways is inefficient due to a substantial amount of work. Buffer analysis provides an alternative to visual interpretation. However, it is difficult to use the buffer distance threshold to identify tidal waterways from other freshwater bodies. In this study, we present a straightforward method for mapping tidal waterways. First, we adopted the normalized difference water body index (NDWI) to extract water bodies. Waterlines were subsequently delineated based on a morphological opening filter with a kernel of 9?×?9. Finally, tidal waterways were mapped based on the proposed topological relation in ArcGIS. We showed the utility of this approach by mapping tidal waterways in the Yellow River Delta, China. The proposed method enables tidal waterways be mapped precisely and was replicable and universal in other similar studies.     

珠江口伶仃洋海区表层沉积物稀土元素分布特征及配分模式

珠江口伶仃洋海区表层沉积物中的稀土元素的含量变化范围较大（１７０．３４～３４４．６０μｇ／ｇ）,平均含量为２７２．０２μｇ／ｇ,远高于陆壳平均含量（２００μｇ／ｇ）和华南地区花岗岩中稀土元素的平均含量,接近于全球沉积物平均稀土元素含量上限。以轻稀土富集为主,富集系数在１．５１～２．４３之间。经北美页岩标准化后,伶仃洋海区沉积物配分模式呈负斜率配分型;与南海沉积物中稀土分布具有相似性,说明二者具有同源性。     

黄河三角洲近40年来气候变化趋势及异常特征

本文采用利津站1962－2000年的平均气温（T）、降水量（R）和平均风速（V）资料表征黄河三角洲的气候变化状态。分析显示，近40年来该地区的气候变化具有：气温的长期变化呈变暖趋势，40年来年平均气温约增高了1.4℃，同时，异常高温国年均出现在90年代，而异常低温年均出现在60年代；平均风速呈明显变小趋势，40年来年平均风速减小了约1.5m/s；降水量具有明显的13－15年周期。     

Distribution and sources of organic carbon, nitrogen and their isotopes in sediments of the subtropical Pearl River estuary and adjacent shelf, Southern China

The isotopic composition (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) and organic carbon (OC) and total nitrogen (TN, organic plus inorganic) content of 37 carbonate-free surficial sediments of the subtropical Pearl River estuary and the adjacent shelf of South China Sea (SCS) was determined. The δ¹³C values indicate that the sediment organic material is a mixture from two sources, terrestrial and marine. Several of the sediments have extremely low (< 4) OC / TN ratios, which could be due to low OC contents and/or to a significant fraction of the TN present as inorganic nitrogen adsorbed on clays. In general, the spatial patterns of OC, TN, δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N are similar. Values are low at the river mouth and on the western coast, suggesting proportionally greater accumulation of terrestrial particulate organic matter relative to marine phytodetritus, which is limited by low productivity in the turbid plume of the Pearl River. Algal-derived organic carbon (al-OC) content is estimated to be low (≤ 0.06%) at the river mouth and higher (up to 0.57%) on the adjacent inner shelf based on a mixing model of end members.