中-酸性火山岩与侵入岩中钛铁氧化物化学成分的对比研究

根据火成岩中钛铁氧化物的研究发现,中-酸性侵入岩与火山岩中钛铁氧化物在MnO,TiO_2,Al_2O_3的含量上存在着明显的差别.利用(Al_2O_3+Cr_2O_3+V_2O_3)-MgO-(MnO+ZnO)三角图解,MnO(Mt)-MnO((?)),Al_2O_3(Mt)-TiO_2(Mt)图解,有助于区分火山岩与次火山岩,以及推测侵入岩的定位深度和岩浆冷凝速度,笔者等以安徽庐枞火山岩盆地中巴家滩岩体为例,检验这一方法的应用效果.     

从中生代花岗岩的形成机制探讨水系的成因──珠江下游为例

珠江下游较大河道总是绕开中生代晚期花岗岩的现象无论用岩性、断裂或现代地形都难以解释,而运用花岗岩原地重熔说的观点却迎刃而解,这些河道实际上是遗传河,其形成于中生代晚期花岗岩背斜（或穹窿）之间的相对低洼地带,渐新世才开始贯通,形成外流型河流,此格局没有发生大的改变而保留至今．     

Green areas and water management in residential developments in the European Western Mediterranean. A case study of Alicante,Spain

The intense urbanization of the Mediterranean coast as a result of the development of residential-tourist activities since the 1960s, especially from the mid-1990s to 2008, has generated new urban environments associated with extensive urban typologies. These include gardens linked to houses with outdoor spaces that are shared between all of the residents of the residential developments. The aim of this study is to determine the main characteristics of these new urban green spaces and their effect on domestic water consumption in Alicante (Spain). To do this, we analysed the characteristics that define these types of gardens (surface area, density, plant species and irrigation system) and determined their water needs using the Water Use Classifications of Landscape Species method. The main conclusions are that the increase in paved areas is one of the strategies to reduce water consumption in spaces where turf grass is the most common plant species. This is due to increased water prices and lack of water resources.     

西天山智博铁矿地球化学特征及地质意义

新疆和静县智博铁矿床位于西天山阿吾拉勒铁矿带东段,矿体呈层状、似层状、透镜状,赋存于下石炭统大哈拉军山组火山岩系中。矿床的成矿过程分为岩浆期和热液期两个成矿期,其中热液成矿期分为硅酸盐-氧化物阶段、硫化物阶段和石英-碳酸盐阶段。磁铁矿石和火山岩围岩稀土元素配分模式均为轻稀土相对富集的平缓右倾型,轻、重稀土元素之间分馏程度强,轻稀土元素及重稀土元素内部分馏程度均较弱,Eu负异常或异常不明显,无Ce异常。矿石和火山岩围岩微量元素配分曲线特征总体上基本一致,相对富集Rb、U等元素,亏损Ba、Ta、Nd、Ti等元素。磁铁矿δ18O值(3.7%~3.9%)与岩浆成因磁铁矿的δ18O值一致,δ32S值整体表现为幔源硫或岩浆硫特征。这些稀土、微量元素及同位素地球化学特征说明本区矿石和火山岩围岩具有同源性,成矿物质来源于大陆岛弧环境下的深源岩浆;该岩浆形成于准噶尔洋洋壳向南中天山-伊犁地块之下俯冲的岛弧环境中,岩浆在上侵过程中发生一定程度的地壳混染。结合矿床地质特征,认为智博铁矿的形成与岩浆活动有关,受矿浆贯入影响,后期热液作用对成矿有一定的贡献。     

Inoceramid bivalves and biostratigraphy of the upper Albian and lower Cenomanian of the United States Western Interior Basin

Inoceramid bivalves of the upper Albian and lower Cenomanian of the United States Western Interior are revised, Eleven species-level taxa and three genera are described. Two new species, Gnesioceramus mowriensis, characterizing the Mowry Shale of the early, but not the earliest, Cenomanian, and Posidonioceramus merewetheri, of the lower Cenomanian, and on new genus, Posidonioceramus, are recognised. The Western Interior inoceramid species from this interval are strongly endemic and are not good tools for long-distance correlations, although they are very effective in regional dating.In terms of the inoceramid biostratigraphy, middle and upper parts of the upper Albian can be referred to the Gnesioceramus Biozone, represented by G. comancheanus (Cragin) and G. bellvuensis (Reeside). These taxa are endemic to the Western Interior and some adjacent areas (Gulf Coast; Greenland?), but are closely allied to the cosmopolitan species, Gnesioceramus anglicus (Woods). At approximately the Albian-Cenomanian boundary, the endemic clade of ‘Inoceramus’ nahwisi appears, now referred to the newly erected Posidonioceramus, resulting in a distinct P. nahwisi biozone. This zone corresponds to the lower part of the ammonite Neogastroplites’ stratigraphic range. Gnesioceramids re-appear in the early Cenomanian. Close to base of the Cenomanian, for the first in the Western Interior, the genus Inoceramus, represented by Inoceramus irenensis Warren and Stelck, 1958, apparently immigrated into the Western Interior Basin.The Western Interior inoceramids do not allow for direct correlation to chronostratigraphic standard subdivision. The Albian-Cenomanian boundary, as earlier recognized on geochronologic correlations and confirmed, to some extent, based on ammonites, may approximately be located close to the appearance level of the genus Posidonioceramus.     

关于辽西北票组地质时代及区域对比的再讨论

北票组是辽西侏罗纪主要含煤地层,大部分学者从植物化石角度论述其时代为早侏罗世,区域上与窑坡组、永定庄组、富县组、三工河组对比。本文从地层层序、岩性、构造演化、古气候演化等角度对北票组的地质时代和区域对比进行了讨论,认为该组为印支期后地壳伸展阶段早侏罗世早—中期兴隆沟组火山喷发之后和中侏罗世中晚期海房沟组、蓝旗组燕山期火山活动之前的含煤盆地沉积产物。前者火山活动在冀北、京西形成南大岭组,在北疆三工河组局部形成火山岩夹层;后者火山活动在冀北、京西形成九龙山组、髫髻山组,晋北形成云岗组、天池河组,北疆形成头屯河组。北票组底部杂色地层化石稀少,有机质含量低,气候应相对干热,北票组(杂色地层以上部分)、海房沟组、蓝旗组植物化石和孢粉证明古气候由温湿向干热逐渐演化,而该特征和中国北方以至全球早侏罗世晚期干热、中侏罗世从早期到晚期由温湿向干热的演化规律—致。从而,北票组底部杂色地层属于早侏罗世晚期并和三工河组、富县组、永定庄组、阳眷组、窑坡组底部对比;北票组杂色地层以上部分属于中侏罗世早期,与西山窑组、延安组、大同组、下花园组、窑坡组(K1砂岩以上部分)对比。     

多属性反演技术在储层预测研究中的应用——以珠江口盆地陆丰A区中新统珠江组储层为例

珠江口盆地陆丰A区中新统珠江组中-下段2370层是该地区主力油层之一, 但储层厚度差异大、分布不清, 严重制约了区域勘探部署.本文综合地震、测井和地质资料, 分析得出纵波阻抗和V_P/V_S为研究区识别岩性的敏感参数, 并通过叠前同步反演技术刻画出研究区2370层砂岩分布特征, 整体呈北厚南薄的展布.以地震振幅、分频属性及叠前反演属性为基础, 利用多属性反演技术分析统计了各属性与孔隙度之间的关系, 优选出密度、V_P/V_S、地震导数、LR、V_P、25~30Hz地震分频6种属性为储层物性识别参数, 综合预测研究区2370层储层滨岸砂坝砂体孔隙度发育特征.多属性反演结果表明, 在研究区东北部、西部, 厚层的滩坝储集砂体的孔隙度发育, 普遍在18%以上; 而在中部和东部, 受滩间、坝间泥岩与滩坝砂的叠合区影响呈条带状分布, 孔隙度为10%~18%.预测结果与同期钻井的钻后结果基本一致, 预测成功率在75%以上.多属性反演技术在研究区的储层预测中表现出良好的有效性和实用性, 对类似地区的储层预测也具有借鉴意义.     

西北太平洋热带云团发展与两类El Nio事件的联系

利用1982—2009年全球热带云团数据集、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和英国Hadley中心海温资料,并引入热带云团生成率(Genesis Productivity,GP)来分析EP(Eastern Pacific)El Nio和CP(Central Pacific)El Nio事件与西北太平洋热带云团发展的相关性。研究表明,1)夏秋两季GP与Nio3指数在东南区(SE)均为显著正相关,在西南区(SW)仅秋季呈显著正相关;GP与EMI(El Nio Modoki Index)指数在夏季SE区域为显著正相关,在秋季南中国海(South China Sea,SCS)区呈负相关。2)在EP El Nio年,夏季SE区域的GP增大与低层涡度、高层散度以及低层相对湿度的相对增大一致。夏季SW区域与秋季SE区域的GP增大与有利的高低空配置相关,La Nia年则与之相反。3)在CP El Nio年,夏季SE区域的GP增大伴随着低层涡度和高层散度的增加,同时与充足的水汽及弱风切变相吻合;而秋季SCS区域的GP下降源于正涡度带、正散度带以及水汽带的东移。     

琼-粤西-桂东南成矿带资源特征与潜力分析

琼-粤西-桂东南成矿带含广西壮族自治区东南部分地区、广东省西南部分地区以及海南省全部。该区位于欧亚板块、印度板块和太平洋板块接合区。大地构造属于武夷云开岛弧系。本文以新的研究成果和找矿突破为基础,通过综合分析,在该地区划分新的重要成矿部署区带,并命名为琼-粤西-桂东南成矿带。本区成矿地质条件优越,矿产丰富多彩。目前已涌现像抱伦金矿、富湾铅锌银矿、大降坪硫铁矿为代表的一大批大型、超大型矿床。对本成矿带的矿床成矿特征进行了研究,划分了14个成矿系列,建立了成矿谱系,并对资源潜力进行了评价。研究区主要矿床类型为沉积变质型、热水沉积型、热液脉型、接触交代型、斑岩型和表生型。成矿受构造作用影响明显。在此基础上,部署了广东云浮地区金、银、铁矿重点远景区、广西陆川地区金银一般远景区、海南石碌铁、金矿一般远景区。为指导本区勘查工作提供了依据。     

Architecture and recognition criteria of ancient shelf ridges; an example from Campanian Almond Formation in Hanna Basin,USA

Shelf ridges are sedimentary bodies formed on the continental shelf due to transgressive reworking (tidal or storm) of lowstand deposits. Common on modern shelves, they are under‐represented in the geological record due to a lack of recognition criteria and facies model. This article proposes a new facies and architectural model for shelf ridges, linked to their inception–evolution–abandonment cycle and the process regime of the basin. The model is mainly based on new outcrop data and interpretations from three sandstone bodies of the Almond Formation, an overall transgressive interval during the infill of the Campanian Western Interior Seaway. Building from the case study, and ancient and modern examples, six characteristics are proposed for the recognition of ancient shelf ridges. Shelf ridges: (i) are encased between thick marine mudstone intervals; (ii) have a basal unconformity that erodes into marine muds or into the remnants of a previous shoreline; (iii) have a non‐erosional upper boundary that transitions into marine muds; (iv) are characterized by clean and well‐sorted sandstones, often cross‐bedded; (v) contain fully marine ichnofauna; and (vi) present compound architectures with large accretion surfaces and lower order structures. Although shelf ridges have been described in previous studies as generated exclusively by either tidal or storm currents, it is clear, from modern examples and the case study, that these two processes can be recorded and preserved in a single shelf ridge. The stratigraphy of these sandstone bodies is therefore much more complex than previously recognized, bearing the signature of changing tidal and storm intensity through time. Because they are developed during transgressions, shelf ridges are commonly subject to strong changes in process regime as sea‐level changes can easily affect the oceanographic conditions and the morphology of the basin. For this reason, shelf ridges can provide the best record of shelf process variability during transgressions.