CHARACTERISTICS OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND CLIMATE CHANGE IN CHANGJIANG DELTA AND ITS POSSIBLE MECHANISM*

Characteristics of climate change in the Changjiang Delta were analyzed based on the annual mean meteorological data since 1961,including air temperature,maximum and minimum air temperature,precipitation,sunshine duration and visibility at 48 stations in that area(southern Jiangsu and northern Zhejiang),and its adjacent areas(northern Jiangsu,eastern Anhui and southern Zhejiang),together with the environmental data.The results indicate that it is getting warmer in the Changjiang Delta and cooler in adjacent areas,thus the Changjiang Delta becomes a big heat island,containing many little heat islands consisting of central cities,in which Shanghai City is the strongest heat island.The intensity of heat islands enhances as economic development goes up.From the year 1978.the beginning year of reform and opening policy,to the year 1997,the intensity of big heat island of Changjiang Delta has increased 0.5℃ and Shanghai heat island increased 0.8℃.However.since 1978 the constituents of SO₂,NO_x and TSP(total suspended particles)in the atmosphere,no matter whether in the Changjiang Delta or in the adjacent areas,have all increased,but pH values of precipitation decreased.In the meantime,both sunshine duration and visibility are also decreased,indicating that there exists a mechanism for climate cooling in these areas.Our analyses show that the mechanism for climate warming in the Changjiang Delta may be associated with heating increase caused by,economic development and increasing energy consumption.It is estimated that up to 1997 the intensity of warming caused by this mechanism in the Changjiang Delta has reached 0.8-0.9℃,about 4-4.5 times as large as the mean values before 1978.Since then,the increase rate has become 0. 035℃/a for the Changjiang Delta.It has reached 1.3℃ for Shanghai in 1997,about 12-13 times as large as the mean values before 1978.This is a rough estimation of increasing energy consumption rate caused by economic development.     

湘鄂西奥陶纪宝塔组灰岩网纹构造成因及沉积环境探讨

网纹构造是宝塔组石灰岩地层中非常发育且分布广泛的一种构造形态 ,其成因一直存在争论和疑问。对湘鄂西地区宝塔组灰岩的研究表明 ,网纹构造的形成不是由于胶体凝缩、水下沉积物收缩或生物遗迹等原因 ,而是一种成岩早期形成的准同生变形构造。根据岩石性质及生物特征推断 ,宝塔组网纹状灰岩沉积于正常浪基面以下、风暴浪基面之上 (水深大约 5 0～ 15 0 m)的陆棚或台盆环境     

辽宁地区金矿类型、成矿规律及找矿方向

详细叙述了辽西地区各金矿类型的地质特征和成矿规律,并指出其找矿方向。     

黄河三角洲农作物种植分区的遥感研究

本文选取了一年中三个不同时相的TM影像,分别求出了三幅影像的NDVI分布图,将其合成为一幅影像图。由于不同区域种植的作物在三个时相中的NDVI变化是不同的,因此在NDVI合成图上会呈现不同的颜色区域。通过对不同颜色区域进行采样分析,可以确定桃红色区域为冬小麦、玉米(大豆)轮作区,蓝紫色区域为棉花、春玉米、杂粮种植区,亮蓝区域为水稻种植区,亮绿色区域为林地、草地。最后,根据不同颜色区域的NDVI变化特征用非监督分类和监督分类相结合的方法对影像进行了分类提取。这样便可对黄河三角洲农作物的种植情况进行宏观的了解,为农作物种植合理布局及农业可持续发展提供依据。     

长江三角洲7000年来的环境变迁

上海马桥遗址14C测年、环境地球化学、孢粉与环境磁学分析,结合搜集的研究区部分考古地层与自然地层分析,结果表明,7 200 aBP~5 300 aBP研究区经历一次海退过程,大面积土地裸露,为良渚时期人类活动提供了广阔空间。该期适宜的气候使当时人类活动频繁,文化发达,出现前所未有的玉器文化。良渚文化后期气候向干冷转化,导致一次大范围的洪泛期,使良渚文化衰落。考古地层、自然洪积层以及与建湖庆丰剖面气候曲线分析表明,研究区洪泛期与气候转型期相一致。考古地层与自然地层对比研究认为,洪水事件是研究区存在多期文化断层的重要原因。     

黄河三角洲新生湿地土地覆被演替图谱

本文根据黄河三角洲新生湿地盐生、湿生、中生以及人工等不同生境的生态景观类型 ,将本区土地覆被类型分为 9类 ,即研究区海域、滩涂、柽柳 -翅碱蓬群落、獐毛 +白茅群落、芦苇 +荻群落、有林地、天然河流与人工水体、耕地和居民工矿用地。从遥感影像数据 (包括LandsatTM432、CBERS 1CCD432 )和专题矢量数据中提取了 1 984、 1 991、 1 996和 2 0 0 0年四期土地覆被数据 ,采用区域质心函数计算四个时期 9类覆被的分布重心 ,并合成土地覆被重心演替过程图谱 ,通过图谱分析 ,归纳出湿地植被演替的三种模式 ,即陆进模式、海退模式以及人类活动影响模式 ,为认识新生湿地植被演替规律以及人类活动的影响、制定湿地保护措施提供参考依据。     

UPLIFT AND DENUDATION AT SOUTHEAST MARGIN OF TIBET PLATEAU IN QUATERNARY

UPLIFT AND DENUDATION AT SOUTHEAST MARGIN OF TIBET PLATEAU IN QUATERNARY     

Prediction and prevention of the impacts of sea level rise on the Yangtze River Delta and its adjacent areas

The Yangtze River Delta region is characterized by high density of population and rapidly developing economy. There are low lying coastal plain and deltaic plain in this region. Thus, the study area could be highly vulnerable to accelerated sea level rise caused by global warming. This paper deals with the scenarios of the relative sea level rise in the early half period of the 21st century in the study area. The authors suggested that relative sea level would rise 25 50 cm by the year 2050 in the study area, of which the magnitude of relative sea level rise in the Yangtze River Delta would double the perspective worldwide average. The impacts of sea level rise include: (i) exacerbation of coastline recession in several sections and vertical erosion of tidal flat, and increase in length of eroding coastline; (ii) decrease in area of tidal flat and coastal wetland due to erosion and inundation; (iii) increase in frequency and intensity of storm surge, which would threaten the coastal protection works; (iv) reduction of drainage capacity due to backwater effect in the Lixiahe lowland and the eastern lowland of Taihu Lake region, and exacerbation of flood and waterlogging disasters; and (v) increase in salt water intrusion into the Yangtze Estuary. Comprehensive evaluation of sea level rise impacts shows that the Yangtze River Delta and eastern lowland of Taihu Lake region, especially Shanghai Municipality, belong in the district in the extreme risk category and the next is the northern bank of Hangzhou Bay, the third is the abandoned Yellow River delta, and the district at low risk includes the central part of north Jiangsu coastal plain and Lixiahe lowland.     

Significance of ichnofossils to genetic stratigraphy--Examples from the Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada

Trace fossils represent both sedimentological and paleontological entities, representing a unique blending of potential environmental indicators in the rock record. Trace fossils and trace fossil suites can be employed effectively to aid in the recognition of various discontinuity types and to assist in their genetic interpretation. Ichnology may be employed to resolve surfaces of stratigraphic significance in two main ways: 1) through the identification of discontinuities using substrate-controlled ichnofacies, and 2) through careful analysis of vertical softground (penecontemporaneous) ichnologic successions (analogous to facies successions). Ichnological analysis is a valuable tool in genetic stratigraphic studies. Integrating the data derived from substrate-controlled ichnofacies with paleoecological data from vertical ichnologic successions greatly enhances the recognition and interpretation of a wide variety of stratigraphic surfaces. When this is coupled with conventional facies analysis and sequence stratigraphy, a powerful approach to the interpretation of the rock record is generated.     

辽河盆地西部凹陷源岩热演化及生烃史研究

从地质和地球化学的基础资料入手,分析了辽河盆地西部凹陷有机质的热化特征,划分出未成熟,低成熟,成熟,高成熟－过成熟４个演化阶段,确定本区的生烃门限为２６５０ｍ,生烃主带在３２００￣４５００ｍ,在此基础上对辽河盆地西部凹陷源岩的生烃史进行了研究。