Analytical model of well leakage pressure perturbations in a closed aquifer system

Deep saline aquifers are commonly used for disposal and storage of various surface fluids. The target injection zone must be hydraulically isolated from overlying zones in order to ensure containment of the injected fluids. Improperly plugged nonoperational abandoned wells that penetrate the injection zone are the main potential leakage pathways. Leakage through such wells may cause an observable pressure signal in a zone overlying the injection zone; such a signal can be used to detect the leakage. In this paper we develop an analytical model to evaluate the pressure change induced by leakage through a well in a multilayer system. Unlike previous analytical models on the topic, our model uses a closed system, which may significantly affect the strength and behavior of the pressure signal induced by leakage. The analytical model is first presented for a two-layer system centered at the leaky well location. We evaluate the leakage-induced pressure change using the Laplace transform of Duhamel’s superposition integral, yielding the solution in the Laplace domain. We then derive a late-time asymptotic solution using the final value theorem, which suggests that the leakage rate becomes constant after sufficient time. We then obtain the multilayer solution by extending the two-layer solution and presenting it in matrix form in the Laplace domain. We apply the solution to three examples. In the first example, we apply the analytical model to a two-layer system, investigating its behavior and comparing the results with a numerical solution. In order to demonstrate behavior and potential applications of the multilayer analytical model, we present two multilayer examples: one with identical layers and another, replicating a CO₂ storage site, with dissimilar layers. The leakage-induced pressure change does not necessarily decrease as the distance increases from the injection zone toward the surface.     

The Co-seismic Response of Underground Fluid in Yunnan to the Nepal MS8.1 Earthquake

In this paper, statistics are taken on the co-seismic response of underground fluid in Yunnan to the Nepal M_S8.1 earthquake, and the co-seismic response characteristics of the water level and water temperature are analyzed and summarized with the digital data. The results show that the Nepal M_S8.1 earthquake had greater impact on the Yunnan region, and the macro and micro dynamics of fluids showed significant co-seismic response. The earthquake recording capacity of water level and temperature measurement is significantly higher than that of water radon and water quality to this large earthquake; the maximum amplitude and duration of co-seismic response of water level and water temperature vary greatly in different wells. The changing forms are dominated by fluctuation and step rise in water level, and a rising or falling restoration in water temperature. From the records of the main shock and the maximum strong aftershock,we can see that the greater magnitude of earthquake, the higher ratio of the occurrence of co-seismic response, and in the same well, the larger the response amplitude, as well as the longer the duration. The amplitude and duration of co-seismic response recorded by different instruments in a same well are different.Water temperature co-seismic response almost occurred in wells with water level response, indicating that the well water level and water temperature are closely related in co-seismic response, and the well water temperature seismic response was caused mainly by well water level seismic response.     

柳林泉岩溶地下水污染与治理措施

柳林泉是吕梁地区最大的岩溶泉，属山西省重点保护泉之一，也是吕梁地区离柳煤电能源区和离石市、中阳县、柳林县三个县市城市生活的主要水源。从上世纪九十年代开始在不断的变化，许多有害元素的检出率从无到有逐渐增加，随着水量减少和环境的变化，水质将进一步恶化。针对柳林泉的污染状况提出治理措施，并能引起有关部门的重视。     

测井曲线概率分布法识别四川盆地火山岩气水层

火山岩的矿物成分复杂,主要矿物有石英、正长石、斜长石、云母、角闪石、辉石和橄榄石.不同岩性的储层物性和孔隙结构类型各不相同,这给火山岩气水层判别造成很大困难.基于测井资料,首先采用中子-密度交会图的方法求取孔隙度,然后结合实验室的岩电参数以及测井的电阻率曲线,构建P1/2概率分布曲线,根据概率曲线的分布形态来识别火山岩...     

钻探岩心高光谱数据管理与分析系统的构建

钻探岩心编录一直是地质勘探中至关重要的环节,高光谱探测技术的发展为岩心分析提供了一种新的编录技术。为了使获得的岩心资料能永久保存且便于使用和分析,笔者开发了钻探岩心高光谱数据管理与分析系统。通过该系统使用者能方便管理、查看钻探岩心数据,快速提取、分析岩心矿物的光谱特征,为后期矿物的识别奠定了基础。     

惠民凹陷唐庄地区沙河街组层序地层和沉积相

针对研究区的区域地质概况,并借鉴了前人的研究成果,利用地震和测井资料识别出了三级层序边界,并对各层序进行了体系域划分,建立了研究区的等时地层格架。在此基础上,通过对岩芯和测井相的综合分析,以体系域为单位进行了沉积相的划分,建立了研究区的精细沉积相模型,并对沉积相的展布特征进行了分析。     

元素测井产额计算及影响因素分析

元素测井是非常规储层测井评价的主要测井方法之一.元素测井是以元素测量为基础,从矿物成分的角度提供地层信息,有效地将测井资料与地质信息结合起来.元素产额获取会受地层矿物和井眼环境的影响.为了提高元素产额计算的准确性,有必要对影响元素产额计算的因素进行分析.本文利用蒙特卡罗方法分析加权最小二乘逆矩阵法在地层矿物相对复杂的情况下求取元素产额时,地层减速作用、地层俘获作用、地层密度与井眼尺寸对元素产额计算精度的影响.研究结果表明,地层密度对元素产额计算的精度影响较大,地层密度越低,地层元素之间的相互影响越大,使得元素产额计算的误差变大,而元素产额计算受地层减速作用与地层俘获作用的影响较小,仅在地层减速能力较弱或地层俘获作用较强时对元素产额计算有一定影响,井眼尺寸对元素产额计算的精度影响取决于井内介质.     

哈萨克斯坦卡帕尔-阿拉善4号井氦气(He)含量映震特征

介绍了哈萨克斯坦卡帕尔-阿拉善4号井的水文地球化学环境,分析其17年氦气（He）含量变化映震特征,氦气（He）变化的地震前兆异常表现为：上升（或下降）幅度、速率变化超出正常范围,具有较好的重复性,测值遵循的是,背景值－趋势性上升（或突升）,趋势性下降（或突降）－恢复至背景值的变化过程。将该井氦气（He）观测数据经过滤波、差分处理后,以3倍均方差作为异常识别标准,结果表明：氦气（He）对监测点周围300km范围5级地震、400km范围6级地震的对映率分别为100％、66．7％,是较好的地震前兆手段之一。     

自记水位仪的数字化改造

本文详细叙述了采用光电编码和微机技术对自记水位仪进行数字化改造的方案选择、理论计算和改造实践。     

深井水位降水效率随测层深度的变化规律模拟

统计鲁北平原４井降水效率表明，地质类型相同的深井水位降水效率主要受控于测层埋深；规律性级强，笔者在统计基础上建立了模拟公式，并计算了不同深度测层的降水效率，与实际统计弥合度极好，笔者认为“对类型相同不同深度测层水位降水干扰排除过程中即可利用该式对其效率直接计算，免去了统计，修定的麻烦。